<p>Nanographene oxide (GO) has emerged as a promising nanomaterial in a wide range of biomedical and medicinal applications, as well as in many life science applications. The aim of the current study was to examine the biochemical, hematological, and histological alterations associated with the intraperitoneal administration of GO to mice using a variable dosing scheme. GO was synthesized using a modified Hummers' method, and extensive physical characterization preceded in vivo animal injection. The nanographene had a size of 49.41 ± 18.84 nm with a zeta potential of -40.2 ± 4.79 mV. Histopathological findings showed that the kidneys underwent marked interstitial hemorrhagic changes at the three doses, resulting in congested blood vessels and damage to the renal capsule and tubules. The brain tissue showed an increase in the thickness of the outer molecular layer of the cerebrum, whereas the cellularity of the outer granular layer decreased. The liver displayed a significant increase in the number of Kupffer cells, inflammatory cells, and tissue loss, along with mild necrotic areas. Additionally, hepatocytes underwent apoptotic changes, pyknosis, and karyorrhexis. The lungs showed marked hemorrhagic changes, congestion of blood vessels, and manifestations of pulmonary edema. Biochemical and hematological analyses revealed altered levels of total protein, blood urea, blood cell count, including white blood cells, and blood platelets. The four vital organs exhibited significant pathological changes following exposure to the three different doses of nanographene oxide. The findings suggest that exposure to nanomaterials causes progressive damage to the kidneys, brain, liver, and lungs in a dose-dependent manner.</p>