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<p>The use of green synthesis technology in nanotechnology has increasingly been adopted as a safe and environmentally friendly alternative to traditional methods. In this study, novel zinc oxide nanoparticles (ZnO NPs) loaded with the drug prednisolone (ZnO-PDN-Ch) and coated with chitosan (Ch) were synthesized as potential anti-inflammatory agents. The successful synthesis of the nanoparticles was confirmed through various characterization techniques, including ultraviolet–visible spectroscopy (UV–Vis), X-ray diffraction (XRD), thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), and Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR). UV–Vis analysis revealed an absorption peak at 370 nm, and ZnO-PDN-Ch nanoparticles exhibited additional absorption peaks at 278 nm and 450 nm. The ZnO NPs demonstrated strong antioxidant activity, as shown by a 91.5% inhibition rate at 160 µg/mL concentration in the DPPH assay. Moreover, ZnO-PDN-Ch nanoparticles exhibited excellent biocompatibility with red blood cells, reflecting their strong biosafety profile. Characterization confirmed the high purity and crystallinity of ZnO NPs. Zeta potential measurements revealed values of − 27 mV for ZnO NPs and + 30 mV for ZnO-PDN-Ch, indicating good colloidal stability. Antibacterial activity tests showed high effectiveness against bacterial strains such as <i>Staphylococcus aureus</i>, <i>Bacillus subtilis</i>, and <i>Escherichia coli</i>. The study also demonstrated that ZnO-PDN-Ch nanoparticles possess anti-inflammatory properties by inhibiting protein denaturation and stabilizing cellular membranes, thereby enhancing their efficacy compared to conventional anti-inflammatory drugs like sodium diclofenac. This suggests that the combination of prednisolone and chitosan with ZnO nanoparticles could serve as a promising alternative to traditional anti-inflammatory therapies. The loading of prednisolone onto ZnO nanoparticles enhances their therapeutic potential by enabling sustained and efficient drug release. This sustained release mechanism improves therapeutic efficacy while minimizing side effects through gradual and controlled drug delivery.</p>

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Novel Enhanced Delivery of Prednisolone via Chitosan-Coated Zinc Oxide Nanoparticles: Characterization and Evaluation of Its Anti-inflammatory, Antibacterial, and Antioxidant Potential

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2025年7月11日

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  • Mouhaned Y. Al-darwesh,
  • Abdulqadir Akool,
  • Khadija Khalaf,
  • Suhad Faisal,
  • Tabark Barzan Zahraa Ahmed

摘要

The use of green synthesis technology in nanotechnology has increasingly been adopted as a safe and environmentally friendly alternative to traditional methods. In this study, novel zinc oxide nanoparticles (ZnO NPs) loaded with the drug prednisolone (ZnO-PDN-Ch) and coated with chitosan (Ch) were synthesized as potential anti-inflammatory agents. The successful synthesis of the nanoparticles was confirmed through various characterization techniques, including ultraviolet–visible spectroscopy (UV–Vis), X-ray diffraction (XRD), thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), and Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR). UV–Vis analysis revealed an absorption peak at 370 nm, and ZnO-PDN-Ch nanoparticles exhibited additional absorption peaks at 278 nm and 450 nm. The ZnO NPs demonstrated strong antioxidant activity, as shown by a 91.5% inhibition rate at 160 µg/mL concentration in the DPPH assay. Moreover, ZnO-PDN-Ch nanoparticles exhibited excellent biocompatibility with red blood cells, reflecting their strong biosafety profile. Characterization confirmed the high purity and crystallinity of ZnO NPs. Zeta potential measurements revealed values of − 27 mV for ZnO NPs and + 30 mV for ZnO-PDN-Ch, indicating good colloidal stability. Antibacterial activity tests showed high effectiveness against bacterial strains such as Staphylococcus aureus, Bacillus subtilis, and Escherichia coli. The study also demonstrated that ZnO-PDN-Ch nanoparticles possess anti-inflammatory properties by inhibiting protein denaturation and stabilizing cellular membranes, thereby enhancing their efficacy compared to conventional anti-inflammatory drugs like sodium diclofenac. This suggests that the combination of prednisolone and chitosan with ZnO nanoparticles could serve as a promising alternative to traditional anti-inflammatory therapies. The loading of prednisolone onto ZnO nanoparticles enhances their therapeutic potential by enabling sustained and efficient drug release. This sustained release mechanism improves therapeutic efficacy while minimizing side effects through gradual and controlled drug delivery.