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<p>Several factors foster the proliferation of microbial strains and evolve radiation- and antibiotic-resistant strains. Antimicrobial materials and surfaces can mitigate the spread of infections and combat resistance to pharmacological drugs. They reduce infection risk by preventing biofilm formation or adhesion at the surfaces. Copper-doped ZnO nanoparticles (NPs) are synthesized for this purpose with varying doping ratios. The antimicrobial and antifungal activities are investigated in comparison to the undoped ZnO NPs against two Gram − bacteria, i.e., <i>Escherichia coli</i> and <i>Klebsiella pneumoniae</i>; two Gram + bacteria, i.e., <i>Staphylococcus aureus</i> and <i>Staphylococcus epidermidis</i>; and two common molds, i.e., <i>Aspergillus niger</i> and <i>Aspergillus flavus</i>. Material synthesis is confirmed by XRD and FT-IR. Surface and particle size analyses are studied by SEM and DLS. TEM analysis confirms the porous nature of Cu–ZnO. BET analysis shows that Cu doping in ZnO increases surface area compared to that of pure ZnO (76.1 m<sup>2</sup>/g). UV–Visible and EDS studies show an increase in absorbance by increasing Cu content. Cu-doped ZnO NPs show enhanced activity due to a synergistic effect and reduced band gap compared to the inherent band gap of ZnO (~ 3.4&#xa0;eV). Cu–ZnO (1:1) exhibits greater antimicrobial activity as well as concentration-dependent cell viability (82.78% at 6.25&#xa0;µM) towards mouse fibroblasts. The solution blow deposition is applied to deposit Cu–ZnO NPs onto the stainless steel substrate using poly(vinyl alcohol), which forms a uniform and homogenous layer to inhibit biofilm adhesion. The antimicrobial activity of Cu–ZnO (1:1) deposited thin film is assessed for material resilience. Despite a slight reduction in antimicrobial efficacy following deposition, Cu–ZnO NPs exhibit substantial antimicrobial properties for application in biomedical fields, public surface coatings, food preservation, environmental remediation, and material engineering. The innovative use of solution blow deposition offers a scalable approach for antimicrobial surface engineering. Furthermore, Cu–ZnO NPs resilience, biocompatibility, and efficacy against pathogens help combat antimicrobial resistance and infection spread.</p>

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Copper-Doped ZnO Catalysts via Solution Blow Deposition: A Synergistic Approach to Antimicrobial Coatings

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2025年6月20日

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  • Soha Ghaffar,
  • Fahmida Jabeen,
  • Umar Noor,
  • Toheed Ahmed,
  • Muhammad Najam-ul-Haq

摘要

Several factors foster the proliferation of microbial strains and evolve radiation- and antibiotic-resistant strains. Antimicrobial materials and surfaces can mitigate the spread of infections and combat resistance to pharmacological drugs. They reduce infection risk by preventing biofilm formation or adhesion at the surfaces. Copper-doped ZnO nanoparticles (NPs) are synthesized for this purpose with varying doping ratios. The antimicrobial and antifungal activities are investigated in comparison to the undoped ZnO NPs against two Gram − bacteria, i.e., Escherichia coli and Klebsiella pneumoniae; two Gram + bacteria, i.e., Staphylococcus aureus and Staphylococcus epidermidis; and two common molds, i.e., Aspergillus niger and Aspergillus flavus. Material synthesis is confirmed by XRD and FT-IR. Surface and particle size analyses are studied by SEM and DLS. TEM analysis confirms the porous nature of Cu–ZnO. BET analysis shows that Cu doping in ZnO increases surface area compared to that of pure ZnO (76.1 m2/g). UV–Visible and EDS studies show an increase in absorbance by increasing Cu content. Cu-doped ZnO NPs show enhanced activity due to a synergistic effect and reduced band gap compared to the inherent band gap of ZnO (~ 3.4 eV). Cu–ZnO (1:1) exhibits greater antimicrobial activity as well as concentration-dependent cell viability (82.78% at 6.25 µM) towards mouse fibroblasts. The solution blow deposition is applied to deposit Cu–ZnO NPs onto the stainless steel substrate using poly(vinyl alcohol), which forms a uniform and homogenous layer to inhibit biofilm adhesion. The antimicrobial activity of Cu–ZnO (1:1) deposited thin film is assessed for material resilience. Despite a slight reduction in antimicrobial efficacy following deposition, Cu–ZnO NPs exhibit substantial antimicrobial properties for application in biomedical fields, public surface coatings, food preservation, environmental remediation, and material engineering. The innovative use of solution blow deposition offers a scalable approach for antimicrobial surface engineering. Furthermore, Cu–ZnO NPs resilience, biocompatibility, and efficacy against pathogens help combat antimicrobial resistance and infection spread.