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<p>This study presents a detailed synthesis and comprehensive characterization of iron-doped titanium dioxide (Fe:TiO<sub>2</sub>) nanoparticles (NPs), emphasizing their suitability for spintronic applications due to tunable magnetic and electronic properties. While previous studies have explored Fe-doped TiO<sub>2</sub>, the novelty of this work lies in the systematic correlation of structural, optical, and magnetic properties, specifically at room temperature, highlighting the controlled transition from paramagnetism to clear ferromagnetism as Fe doping concentration increases. Pure and Fe-doped TiO<sub>2</sub> NPs (3%, 5%, and 8%) were synthesized using a simple, cost-effective sol–gel method. X-ray diffraction (XRD) confirmed the anatase crystalline phase, showing a consistent decrease in crystallite size with increased Fe content. Morphological analysis via scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and transmission electron microscopy (TEM) revealed uniform nanoparticles (12–14&#xa0;nm), while energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDS) verified successful Fe incorporation. Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) confirmed the preservation of chemical interactions despite Fe doping. Optical bandgap analysis by ultraviolet–visible (UV–vis) spectroscopy showed a significant reduction from 3.2&#xa0;eV (pure TiO<sub>2</sub>) to lower values with increased Fe concentration, a trend consistent with recent literature, indicating enhanced optical response favorable for applications. Dynamic light scattering (DLS) analysis confirmed nanoparticle colloidal stability. Critically, magnetic measurements using a superconducting quantum interference device (SQUID) demonstrated paramagnetism at low doping levels (3% and 5%), transitioning to distinct ferromagnetic behavior at 8% doping, characterized by a coercivity (<i>H</i><sub>c</sub>) of 101 Oe. Unlike earlier studies that typically reported negligible or ambiguous room-temperature magnetism transition, our findings explicitly demonstrate controllable and stable ferromagnetism at higher Fe doping, underscoring Fe:TiO<sub>2</sub> as a promising candidate for spin-dependent device applications.</p>

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Iron-Doped Titanium Dioxide Nanoparticles with Enhanced Ferromagnetic Properties for Spintronic Applications

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2025年5月19日

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  • M. Foyshal,
  • J. Ferdousy,
  • M. Mahbubur,
  • A. M. Rachona,
  • M. F. Kabir,
  • M. H. Shahid,
  • M. Rahman

摘要

This study presents a detailed synthesis and comprehensive characterization of iron-doped titanium dioxide (Fe:TiO2) nanoparticles (NPs), emphasizing their suitability for spintronic applications due to tunable magnetic and electronic properties. While previous studies have explored Fe-doped TiO2, the novelty of this work lies in the systematic correlation of structural, optical, and magnetic properties, specifically at room temperature, highlighting the controlled transition from paramagnetism to clear ferromagnetism as Fe doping concentration increases. Pure and Fe-doped TiO2 NPs (3%, 5%, and 8%) were synthesized using a simple, cost-effective sol–gel method. X-ray diffraction (XRD) confirmed the anatase crystalline phase, showing a consistent decrease in crystallite size with increased Fe content. Morphological analysis via scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and transmission electron microscopy (TEM) revealed uniform nanoparticles (12–14 nm), while energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDS) verified successful Fe incorporation. Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) confirmed the preservation of chemical interactions despite Fe doping. Optical bandgap analysis by ultraviolet–visible (UV–vis) spectroscopy showed a significant reduction from 3.2 eV (pure TiO2) to lower values with increased Fe concentration, a trend consistent with recent literature, indicating enhanced optical response favorable for applications. Dynamic light scattering (DLS) analysis confirmed nanoparticle colloidal stability. Critically, magnetic measurements using a superconducting quantum interference device (SQUID) demonstrated paramagnetism at low doping levels (3% and 5%), transitioning to distinct ferromagnetic behavior at 8% doping, characterized by a coercivity (Hc) of 101 Oe. Unlike earlier studies that typically reported negligible or ambiguous room-temperature magnetism transition, our findings explicitly demonstrate controllable and stable ferromagnetism at higher Fe doping, underscoring Fe:TiO2 as a promising candidate for spin-dependent device applications.