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<p>This study was conducted to evaluate the possible effects of silver nanoparticles against the phytopathogenic <i>Fusarium solani</i> at many concentrations (0.1, 0.2, 0.5, 1.0, 2.0, 5.0, and 10.0&#xa0;mg/mL) in vitro and in vivo. Ultraviolet–visible spectra, X-ray diffraction (X.R.D.), Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (F.T.I.R.) and scanning electron microscopy (S.E.M.) are used to clarify certain structural and physicochemical properties of silver nanoparticles (commercially obtained). The ultraviolet–visible spectra showed that Ag-NPs were formed between 200 and 300&#xa0;nm, and the energy gap values were 2.25&#xa0;eV. XRD indicated that the crystal system of films is the cubic type. FESEM showed the dense, random, and quasi-spherical nanoparticles with particle diameters of 20–100&#xa0;nm. In our study, the fungus <i>F. solani</i> was treated with Ag-NPs in the laboratory on Petri dishes as well as in cultured plants. In vitro, the results showed growth inhibition percentage of <i>F. solani</i> on potato dextrose agar (PDA) dishes and decreased the fungus colony diameter (mm) on PDA media treated with Ag-NPs concentrations. In vivo, tomato plants treated with Ag-NPs and infected with <i>F. solani</i> led to a decrease in the disease severity compared with the control. Real-time PCR was used to identify the gene expression of the I2 gene for all treatments of cultivated tomato plants. The gene expression gave varying results, some of which reached more than double gene expression compared to the control, especially with the low concentrations. This research provided promising results about the possibility of using Ag-NPs to combat pathogens that affect tomatoes and use them as a clean, environmentally friendly alternative. We recommend using different sizes of nano-silver in future experiments to increase understanding of the impact of varying nano-silver particle sizes in influencing the gene expression of pathogen resistance genes in tomato plants in general.</p>

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Effect of Silver Nanoparticles on I2 Gene Expression and Disease Severity in Tomato Plants Infected with Fusarium solani

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2025年5月19日

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  • Rajaa Fadhil Hamdi

摘要

This study was conducted to evaluate the possible effects of silver nanoparticles against the phytopathogenic Fusarium solani at many concentrations (0.1, 0.2, 0.5, 1.0, 2.0, 5.0, and 10.0 mg/mL) in vitro and in vivo. Ultraviolet–visible spectra, X-ray diffraction (X.R.D.), Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (F.T.I.R.) and scanning electron microscopy (S.E.M.) are used to clarify certain structural and physicochemical properties of silver nanoparticles (commercially obtained). The ultraviolet–visible spectra showed that Ag-NPs were formed between 200 and 300 nm, and the energy gap values were 2.25 eV. XRD indicated that the crystal system of films is the cubic type. FESEM showed the dense, random, and quasi-spherical nanoparticles with particle diameters of 20–100 nm. In our study, the fungus F. solani was treated with Ag-NPs in the laboratory on Petri dishes as well as in cultured plants. In vitro, the results showed growth inhibition percentage of F. solani on potato dextrose agar (PDA) dishes and decreased the fungus colony diameter (mm) on PDA media treated with Ag-NPs concentrations. In vivo, tomato plants treated with Ag-NPs and infected with F. solani led to a decrease in the disease severity compared with the control. Real-time PCR was used to identify the gene expression of the I2 gene for all treatments of cultivated tomato plants. The gene expression gave varying results, some of which reached more than double gene expression compared to the control, especially with the low concentrations. This research provided promising results about the possibility of using Ag-NPs to combat pathogens that affect tomatoes and use them as a clean, environmentally friendly alternative. We recommend using different sizes of nano-silver in future experiments to increase understanding of the impact of varying nano-silver particle sizes in influencing the gene expression of pathogen resistance genes in tomato plants in general.