<p>Multidrug-resistant (MDR) bacteria pose a significant global health challenge, rendering many conventional antibiotics ineffective. Nanomaterials have emerged as a potential solution to combat this growing threat. The objective of this study is to evaluate the effectiveness of various nanomaterials in treating MDR bacteria and identify trends in their mechanisms of action, efficacy against different bacterial strains, and potential synergistic effects with conventional antibiotics. This study was conducted as a systematic literature review following PRISMA guidelines. For articles published from inception until April 2024, a comprehensive literature search was conducted in PubMed, Cochrane Library, Dimensions, and Google Scholar. Of the 7022 potential articles assessed, 19 met the inclusion criteria. Nanomaterials, especially silver nanoparticles, showed significant antimicrobial activity against MDR bacteria. The efficacy against MDR bacteria was influenced by factors such as surface charge, particle size, and combination with conventional antibiotics. Positively charged silver nanoparticles showed the highest bactericidal activity. The combination of nanoparticles demonstrated significantly enhanced antimicrobial effects compared to single-element nanoparticles (<i>P</i> &lt; 0.01). Synergistic results were produced by combining nanoparticles with antibiotics. This review explores the potential of nanomaterials in combating MDR bacteria.</p>