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<p>The development of materials from the photosynthetic microorganism <i>Euglena</i> (<i>E. gracilis</i>, as represented in this study) has gained attention as a new source of biofuel. In addition, <i>Euglena</i> is being marketed as a new food product, with the anti-inflammatory effects of the polysaccharide β-1,3-glucan highlighted as one of its features. Recent advances in studies on extracellular vesicles (EVs), not only in mammals but also in plants and bacteria, have prompted us to explore <i>Euglena</i> extracellular vesicle-like nanoparticles (eEV-LNPs) as new anti-inflammatory agents. Although the amount of eEV-LNPs in the medium is low, it significantly increases after the heat denaturation of whole <i>Euglena</i> cultures at 120&#xa0;°C for 20&#xa0;min. This increase correlates with enhanced anti-inflammatory activity, as demonstrated by assays using RAW264.7 cells, particularly evident in the suppression of interleukin-6 (IL-6) expression to 10% of induced level by lipopolysaccharide. The administration of the water-soluble fraction from the heat-denatured <i>Euglena</i> culture to mice with a dextran sodium sulfate-induced colitis model ameliorates inflammatory symptoms by reducing IL-6 expression. Interestingly, the eEV-LNPs exhibited autofluorescence. Chloroform/methanol extraction of <i>Euglena</i> cells suggested that the amount of 7-hydroxymethyl pheophytin, a chlorophyll derivative with fluorescence, increases under 120&#xa0;°C treatment and shows affinity for milk exosomes and anti-inflammatory activities with the suppression of IL-6 expression to 20% of induced level by lipopolysaccharide. These results suggest that heat-treated <i>Euglena</i> cells artificially produce autofluorescent eEV-LNPs encapsulating anti-inflammatory activity, which could serve as novel nanomaterials originated from <i>Euglena</i>.</p>

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Extracellular Vesicle-Like Nanoparticles, Artificially Created by Heat Treatment of Euglena gracilis, Exhibit Autofluorescence and Suppress IL-6 Expression in RAW264.7 Cells

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2025年3月17日

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  • Ayumi Sakurai,
  • Kyosuke Egashira,
  • Rinka Kizaki,
  • Ika Adhani Sholihah,
  • Hiroko Koyama,
  • Shigeo Takashima,
  • Yuji O. Kamatari,
  • Irmanida Batubara,
  • Dyah Iswantini,
  • Christofora Hanny Wijaya,
  • Ika Dewi Ana,
  • Anggraini Barlian,
  • Yoko Hirata,
  • Kyoji Furuta,
  • Hiroshi Takemori

摘要

The development of materials from the photosynthetic microorganism Euglena (E. gracilis, as represented in this study) has gained attention as a new source of biofuel. In addition, Euglena is being marketed as a new food product, with the anti-inflammatory effects of the polysaccharide β-1,3-glucan highlighted as one of its features. Recent advances in studies on extracellular vesicles (EVs), not only in mammals but also in plants and bacteria, have prompted us to explore Euglena extracellular vesicle-like nanoparticles (eEV-LNPs) as new anti-inflammatory agents. Although the amount of eEV-LNPs in the medium is low, it significantly increases after the heat denaturation of whole Euglena cultures at 120 °C for 20 min. This increase correlates with enhanced anti-inflammatory activity, as demonstrated by assays using RAW264.7 cells, particularly evident in the suppression of interleukin-6 (IL-6) expression to 10% of induced level by lipopolysaccharide. The administration of the water-soluble fraction from the heat-denatured Euglena culture to mice with a dextran sodium sulfate-induced colitis model ameliorates inflammatory symptoms by reducing IL-6 expression. Interestingly, the eEV-LNPs exhibited autofluorescence. Chloroform/methanol extraction of Euglena cells suggested that the amount of 7-hydroxymethyl pheophytin, a chlorophyll derivative with fluorescence, increases under 120 °C treatment and shows affinity for milk exosomes and anti-inflammatory activities with the suppression of IL-6 expression to 20% of induced level by lipopolysaccharide. These results suggest that heat-treated Euglena cells artificially produce autofluorescent eEV-LNPs encapsulating anti-inflammatory activity, which could serve as novel nanomaterials originated from Euglena.