<p>Nanotechnology has become a burgeoning domain with a wide range of uses in several industrial sectors. In recent years, there have been increasing concerns regarding the potential hazards of nanoscale materials. Several studies found that some of the food additives contain nanoscale materials. However, the physicochemical features and toxicology profile of these food additives have yet to be unknown. Hence, we assess the physicochemical characteristics of E172 isolated from food products in this study. Furthermore, the toxicology profile of nanoscale ingredients in the food additive E172 on SH-SY5Y human neuroblastoma cells was investigated. Transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and dynamic light scattering (DLS) were used to analyze the physicochemical properties of E172. These results revealed the presence of nanoscale particles in E172. The E172 impact on cell viability, mode of cell death, intracellular ROS level, and mitochondrial dysfunction were assessed. Cell viability was reduced in a concentration-dependent manner by exposure to E172. The E172 toxicity may also be mediated by oxidative stress and mitochondrial dysfunction, as evidenced by the production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and the disruption of mitochondrial membrane potential. Overall, our findings suggest that nanoscale ingredients in E172 induce moderate cytotoxicity and apoptotic cell death in SH-SY5Y human neuroblastoma cells. These results highlight the need for further investigation into the safety of nanoscale ingredients in food additives to ensure consumer health and safety. Future studies should focus on understanding the underlying mechanisms and conducting in vivo assessments to validate these findings.</p>