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<p>The aim of the proposed work was to design SNPs by green synthesis employing plant-based reducing agents, optimized through a 3<sup>2</sup> factorial design for antioxidant, antimicrobial, and anticancer activities. The novelty of this study lies in the synergistic use of piperine and chamomile extracts to enhance the bioactivity of silver nanoparticles compared to methods that used a single agent synthesis, which has been reported in previous studies. The OSNPs were characterized for SEM, FTIR, XRD, in vitro drug release studies, and biological activities. Characterization resulted in the description of the piperine as well as the chamomile synthesized SNPs being triangular, which had the appropriate size for efficient biomedical application. In vitro drug release studies demonstrated a rapid initial release (33.7% within 3&#xa0;h), followed by sustained release (78.5% by 7&#xa0;h) and near-complete release (97.8% by 10&#xa0;h), which made them suitable for cancer therapy by providing high initial doses and prolonged therapeutic levels. The OSNPs had antioxidant activity much stronger with the smallest IC<sub>50</sub> value (10<sup>6</sup>&#xa0;µg/ml) than the plant-based SNPs when used as individuals, with significantly better antibacterial and antifungal efficiency with large inhibition zones against <i>E. coli</i>, <i>S. aureus</i>, <i>B. subtilis</i>, and <i>Aspergillus fumigatus</i>. OSNPs also exhibited higher dose-dependent cytotoxicity against HeLa cells, as shown by their lower IC<sub>50</sub> value of 60.25&#xa0;µg/ml, whereas in the case of the crude mixture, the value was 66.6&#xa0;µg/ml. The results of the present work also reveal the more significant implications of using multi-compound green synthesis methods in the synthesis of nanoparticles that have greater therapeutic potential. On account of their strong antioxidant, antimicrobial, and anticancer activities, OSNPs are promising applications for the treatment of oxidative stress-related diseases, antimicrobial resistance, and cancer, therefore allowing further studies that may be justified for clinical and pharmaceutical progress.</p>

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Design, Development, and Evaluation of Silver Nanoparticles Synthesized via Green Technology for Antioxidant, Antimicrobial, and Anticancer Activities

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2025年3月3日

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  • Renuba Pathan,
  • M. Vidyavathi,
  • R. V. Suresh Kumar,
  • G. Narasimha

摘要

The aim of the proposed work was to design SNPs by green synthesis employing plant-based reducing agents, optimized through a 32 factorial design for antioxidant, antimicrobial, and anticancer activities. The novelty of this study lies in the synergistic use of piperine and chamomile extracts to enhance the bioactivity of silver nanoparticles compared to methods that used a single agent synthesis, which has been reported in previous studies. The OSNPs were characterized for SEM, FTIR, XRD, in vitro drug release studies, and biological activities. Characterization resulted in the description of the piperine as well as the chamomile synthesized SNPs being triangular, which had the appropriate size for efficient biomedical application. In vitro drug release studies demonstrated a rapid initial release (33.7% within 3 h), followed by sustained release (78.5% by 7 h) and near-complete release (97.8% by 10 h), which made them suitable for cancer therapy by providing high initial doses and prolonged therapeutic levels. The OSNPs had antioxidant activity much stronger with the smallest IC50 value (106 µg/ml) than the plant-based SNPs when used as individuals, with significantly better antibacterial and antifungal efficiency with large inhibition zones against E. coli, S. aureus, B. subtilis, and Aspergillus fumigatus. OSNPs also exhibited higher dose-dependent cytotoxicity against HeLa cells, as shown by their lower IC50 value of 60.25 µg/ml, whereas in the case of the crude mixture, the value was 66.6 µg/ml. The results of the present work also reveal the more significant implications of using multi-compound green synthesis methods in the synthesis of nanoparticles that have greater therapeutic potential. On account of their strong antioxidant, antimicrobial, and anticancer activities, OSNPs are promising applications for the treatment of oxidative stress-related diseases, antimicrobial resistance, and cancer, therefore allowing further studies that may be justified for clinical and pharmaceutical progress.