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<p>In the current study, magnetic iron oxide nanoparticles (Fe<sub>3</sub>O<sub>4</sub>&#xa0;NPs) were developed by utilizing the co-precipitation method. The nanoparticles were further characterized via UV–Vis spectrophotometer, Zeta sizer, Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy, and Transmission Electron Microscope (TEM) followed by X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS). After detailed analysis, NPs of size 9.34 ± 0.18<sup>b</sup> nm were disclosed with the assistance of zeta sizer whereas TEM recorded NPs between 5 and 11&#xa0;nm enclosing spherical shape. A stable zeta potential of − 24.2&#xa0;mV was measured by zeta sizer and an absorbance peak at 350&#xa0;nm was prominent which confirmed production of the Fe<sub>3</sub>O<sub>4</sub>&#xa0;NPs. Furthermore, FTIR evaluation showed the presence of some functional groups whereas XPS verified the presence of iron and oxygen. Additionally, the Fe<sub>3</sub>O<sub>4</sub>&#xa0;NPs were assessed for antibacterial properties as well against pathogenic bacteria <i>Pseudomonas aeruginosa</i> (BTCB01), <i>Escherichia coli</i> (BTCB03), and <i>Bacillus subtilis</i> (BTCB12) with varying concentrations of NPs which gave a significant outcome. The zone of inhibitions (ZOI) increased with the intensity of the dosages (50 to 200&#xa0;µg/mL); however, a maximum zone of 15.5 ± 0.18<sup>b</sup> mm was noted with <i>B. subtilis</i> at 200&#xa0;µg/mL while a minimum zone was recorded at 50&#xa0;µg/mL (3.5 ± 0.08<sup>b</sup> mm). Subsequently, the cytotoxicity study of the Fe<sub>3</sub>O<sub>4</sub>&#xa0;NPs was also conducted with varying concentrations against hepatocellular carcinoma cell line “HepG2” through MTT ((3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide) test that displayed promising results and disclosed a minimum 38% cell viability with 125&#xa0;µg/mL intensity whereas 100&#xa0;µg/mL, 75&#xa0;µg/mL, 50&#xa0;µg/mL, and 25&#xa0;µg/mL revealed 49%, 54%, 66%, and 69% respectively. Later, synergistic efficacy of Fe<sub>3</sub>O<sub>4</sub>&#xa0;NPs:cisplatin with HepG2 cells was also evaluated. Stability study conducted at the end confirmed the steadiness of the Fe<sub>3</sub>O<sub>4</sub>&#xa0;NPs for 4&#xa0;months which makes them even more suitable for use in the biomedical field.</p>

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Iron Oxide Nanoparticles: Promising Agents for Biomedical Applications

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2025年1月24日

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  • Asma Shahzad,
  • Sara Hanif

摘要

In the current study, magnetic iron oxide nanoparticles (Fe3O4 NPs) were developed by utilizing the co-precipitation method. The nanoparticles were further characterized via UV–Vis spectrophotometer, Zeta sizer, Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy, and Transmission Electron Microscope (TEM) followed by X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS). After detailed analysis, NPs of size 9.34 ± 0.18b nm were disclosed with the assistance of zeta sizer whereas TEM recorded NPs between 5 and 11 nm enclosing spherical shape. A stable zeta potential of − 24.2 mV was measured by zeta sizer and an absorbance peak at 350 nm was prominent which confirmed production of the Fe3O4 NPs. Furthermore, FTIR evaluation showed the presence of some functional groups whereas XPS verified the presence of iron and oxygen. Additionally, the Fe3O4 NPs were assessed for antibacterial properties as well against pathogenic bacteria Pseudomonas aeruginosa (BTCB01), Escherichia coli (BTCB03), and Bacillus subtilis (BTCB12) with varying concentrations of NPs which gave a significant outcome. The zone of inhibitions (ZOI) increased with the intensity of the dosages (50 to 200 µg/mL); however, a maximum zone of 15.5 ± 0.18b mm was noted with B. subtilis at 200 µg/mL while a minimum zone was recorded at 50 µg/mL (3.5 ± 0.08b mm). Subsequently, the cytotoxicity study of the Fe3O4 NPs was also conducted with varying concentrations against hepatocellular carcinoma cell line “HepG2” through MTT ((3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide) test that displayed promising results and disclosed a minimum 38% cell viability with 125 µg/mL intensity whereas 100 µg/mL, 75 µg/mL, 50 µg/mL, and 25 µg/mL revealed 49%, 54%, 66%, and 69% respectively. Later, synergistic efficacy of Fe3O4 NPs:cisplatin with HepG2 cells was also evaluated. Stability study conducted at the end confirmed the steadiness of the Fe3O4 NPs for 4 months which makes them even more suitable for use in the biomedical field.