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<p>Tomato is the second most cultivated vegetable crop worldwide, but it faces production loss due to phytopathogens. Pesticides have increased crop production but their toxicity, accumulation in soils, and resistance to pathogens have raised ecological concerns. The recent methods to control plant pests include the use of nanoparticles due to high surface-to-volume ratio, enhanced efficacy, and lower input. Though several chemical and physical methods have been devised for nanoparticle synthesis, biological approaches have emerged as economical, safe, and effective alternatives. The present study utilized biosurfactant for green synthesis of silver nanoparticles. Biosurfactant BS32 produced by yeast <i>Meyerozyma guillermondii</i> YK32 facilitated biosynthesis of silver nanoparticles (BsAgNPs) which gave characteristic UV–visible spectral peak at 434 nm similar to chemically synthesized nanoparticles (CsAgNPs) showing peak at 403 nm. The size of CsAgNPs (87.88 nm) and BsAgNPs (100.9 nm) showed corresponding zeta potential of − 32.64 and − 23.7mV indicating excellent stability and the FTIR spectrum confirmed the presence of silver. Foliar application of NPs under pot house conditions reduced the disease incidence to 20% in <i>Xanthomonas</i> and <i>Fusarium</i>-infested tomato plants. Tomato yield in plants sprayed with only BsAgNPs resulted significantly higher (<i>p</i> ≤ 0.05) weight of 198.69 g compared to 90.95 g per plant in absolute control. Yield of tomato plants infected with <i>F. oxysporum</i> (26.48 g) and <i>X. campestris</i> (43.45 g) was increased to 64.89 and 78.26 g per plant by CsAgNPs and 79.55 and 113.19 g per plant by BsAgNPs. The present study reports the potential role of biosurfactant-mediated green synthesis of AgNPs as suitable control of <i>Xanthomonas</i> and <i>Fusarium</i> in tomato crops.</p>

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Biosurfactant-Mediated Synthesis of Nanosilver and Its Antagonistic Activity Towards Microbial Phytopathogens of Tomato (Solanum lycopersicum L.) Crop

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2025年1月8日

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  • Preeti Kaleramana,
  • Seema Sangwan,
  • Pooja Swami,
  • Mukesh Kumar,
  • Sushila Singh,
  • Kuldeep Kumar

摘要

Tomato is the second most cultivated vegetable crop worldwide, but it faces production loss due to phytopathogens. Pesticides have increased crop production but their toxicity, accumulation in soils, and resistance to pathogens have raised ecological concerns. The recent methods to control plant pests include the use of nanoparticles due to high surface-to-volume ratio, enhanced efficacy, and lower input. Though several chemical and physical methods have been devised for nanoparticle synthesis, biological approaches have emerged as economical, safe, and effective alternatives. The present study utilized biosurfactant for green synthesis of silver nanoparticles. Biosurfactant BS32 produced by yeast Meyerozyma guillermondii YK32 facilitated biosynthesis of silver nanoparticles (BsAgNPs) which gave characteristic UV–visible spectral peak at 434 nm similar to chemically synthesized nanoparticles (CsAgNPs) showing peak at 403 nm. The size of CsAgNPs (87.88 nm) and BsAgNPs (100.9 nm) showed corresponding zeta potential of − 32.64 and − 23.7mV indicating excellent stability and the FTIR spectrum confirmed the presence of silver. Foliar application of NPs under pot house conditions reduced the disease incidence to 20% in Xanthomonas and Fusarium-infested tomato plants. Tomato yield in plants sprayed with only BsAgNPs resulted significantly higher (p ≤ 0.05) weight of 198.69 g compared to 90.95 g per plant in absolute control. Yield of tomato plants infected with F. oxysporum (26.48 g) and X. campestris (43.45 g) was increased to 64.89 and 78.26 g per plant by CsAgNPs and 79.55 and 113.19 g per plant by BsAgNPs. The present study reports the potential role of biosurfactant-mediated green synthesis of AgNPs as suitable control of Xanthomonas and Fusarium in tomato crops.