<p>A pathogenic threat has put the global community in a pandemic and epidemic situation, causing death for lakhs and more. The superbugs, including bacteria, fungi, viruses, and algae, have provided the world with an injunction in the form of water-borne, food-borne, and air-associated diseases. The introduction of antimicrobial drugs has shown no remark of curing the disease because the bacterial cell body undergoes continuous genetic evolution has led to antibiotic drug resistance. This review put forth a sketch showing a solution to the world-recognized complication of microbial disease by pioneering the use of photocatalytic nanoscale particles on the platform. Nanotechnology has commenced nanocomposite with unique hybrid features of potential single as well polycrystalline structure with enhanced photocatalytic antimicrobial features. The composite is designed with a photogenerated electron–hole pair low recombinant scenario to experience a redox reaction over the surface of the photocatalyst for the derivation of reactive free radicals, generally ROS, including superoxide, hydrogen peroxide, and hydroxyl ions. These free radicals with super reactivity capacity intend to damage the microbial cell framework, leaving the microbes with cell apoptosis, genetic disarrangement, cytoplasmic leakage, or disintegration of the membrane layer. Various assays have been designed to provide information about the mechanism and effectiveness of the photocatalytic antimicrobial composite structure.</p>