<p>Nanosomes represent a significant advancement in drug delivery systems, offering innovative approaches to enhance therapeutic efficacy while minimizing side effects. Nanosomes can be classified into lipid-based systems, such as liposomes and niosomes, which are known for their biocompatibility and capacity to encapsulate a wide range of drugs. Additionally, polymer-based nanosomes are recognized for their stability and controlled release properties, while hybrid nanosomes integrate features from both lipid and polymer systems to improve performance. The preparation of nanosomes involves various techniques tailored to their specific nature, including solvent evaporation, thin-film hydration, and microfluidic methods. Nanosomes utilize two primary mechanisms for drug delivery: passive targeting, which exploits enhanced permeability and retention (EPR) effects in tumor tissues, and active targeting, which employs surface ligands for specific binding to cell receptors. Furthermore, stimuli-responsive release mechanisms enable drug release triggered by environmental changes such as pH or temperature. The molecular mechanisms underlying nanosome action involve interactions such as endocytosis for cellular uptake and controlled release processes. Future directions in nanosome research aim at developing smart systems that adaptively release drugs in response to specific stimuli, enhancing targeting specificity, and reducing adverse effects. In conclusion, nanosomes represent a promising platform for effective drug delivery in precision medicine. This review explores the relevance of nanosomes in contemporary therapeutics, highlighting their ability to provide targeted and controlled drug delivery. Ongoing advancements in their design and application continue to enhance their clinical potential, offering innovative solutions for contemporary therapeutic challenges.</p> Graphical Abstract <p></p>