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<p>Simple tooling for forming processes can be made using machining, and the manufacturing difficulty increases with complex geometry. The 3D printing is the best option for making tools with complex geometries as it reduces effort and saves time. The present research focuses on the best tool property combination for incremental forming; IN718 alloy samples are being printed. The laser powder bed fusion process can be used to build the required part with control over its final properties. Laser power, scan speed, and hatch distance are varied in three levels&#xa0;using Taguchi L9 array. The multi-objective optimization technique is implemented to optimize the responses (roughness, wear volume and hardness) using Grey Relation Analysis.&#xa0;Based on the highest Grey Relation Grade, the optimum parameters are 300W laser power, 750&#xa0;mm/s scan speed, and 0.08&#xa0;mm hatch distance. ANOVA showed that scan speed influenced control factors by 46.11% and laser power by 0.37%.</p>

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Optimization of Mechanical Properties Required for Incremental Forming Tool using Grey Relation Analysis

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2026年5月31日

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  • R. Jahnavi,
  • N. Srujana,
  • G. Srinidhi Reddy,
  • Sandeep Pandre,
  • Tanya Buddi,
  • Nitin Kotkunde

摘要

Simple tooling for forming processes can be made using machining, and the manufacturing difficulty increases with complex geometry. The 3D printing is the best option for making tools with complex geometries as it reduces effort and saves time. The present research focuses on the best tool property combination for incremental forming; IN718 alloy samples are being printed. The laser powder bed fusion process can be used to build the required part with control over its final properties. Laser power, scan speed, and hatch distance are varied in three levels using Taguchi L9 array. The multi-objective optimization technique is implemented to optimize the responses (roughness, wear volume and hardness) using Grey Relation Analysis. Based on the highest Grey Relation Grade, the optimum parameters are 300W laser power, 750 mm/s scan speed, and 0.08 mm hatch distance. ANOVA showed that scan speed influenced control factors by 46.11% and laser power by 0.37%.