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<p>Metal–air batteries are rechargeable, with high theoretical energy density, safety, and environmental friendliness, but with low oxygen evolution reaction/oxygen reduction reaction (OER/ORR) kinetics and high costs of noble metal catalysts (Pt, IrO<sub>2</sub>, RuO<sub>2</sub>). This review focuses on La and Ba/Sr perovskite oxides as earth-abundant bifunctional electrocatalysts for alkaline metal–air batteries (such as Zn-air). It emphasises the importance of doping, O<sub>2</sub> vacancy modulation, surface amorphisation, and N-doped C-hybrids for enhanced bifunctionality (ΔE &lt; 0.7&#xa0;V) and stability. La-based perovskites are generally stable with low cation leaching; Ba/Sr perovskites have higher intrinsic activity, stabilised by optimised C hybridisation. The OER overpotential is 250–350&#xa0;mV at 10&#xa0;mA/cm<sup>2</sup> with Tafel slopes of 50–70&#xa0;mV/decade; superior cycle life (200–500&#xa0;h) is attained with a small OER/ORR voltage difference. Materials-based learning for perovskite discovery and optimisation is accelerating adoption in flexible batteries, wearables, medical devices, and electric vehicles (EVs) to achieve net-zero by 2050.</p>

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Towards Scalable Non-precious Cathodes: Can La- and Ba-/Sr-Perovskites Bridge the Gap in Rechargeable Metal–Air Systems? A Mini-Review

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2026年6月18日

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  • Ashutosh Das,
  • Pankaj Shrivastava,
  • Syed Nasimul Alam,
  • Parth Patel,
  • Nityananda Sahoo,
  • Pradyumna Kr. Behera,
  • Arka Ghosh

摘要

Metal–air batteries are rechargeable, with high theoretical energy density, safety, and environmental friendliness, but with low oxygen evolution reaction/oxygen reduction reaction (OER/ORR) kinetics and high costs of noble metal catalysts (Pt, IrO2, RuO2). This review focuses on La and Ba/Sr perovskite oxides as earth-abundant bifunctional electrocatalysts for alkaline metal–air batteries (such as Zn-air). It emphasises the importance of doping, O2 vacancy modulation, surface amorphisation, and N-doped C-hybrids for enhanced bifunctionality (ΔE < 0.7 V) and stability. La-based perovskites are generally stable with low cation leaching; Ba/Sr perovskites have higher intrinsic activity, stabilised by optimised C hybridisation. The OER overpotential is 250–350 mV at 10 mA/cm2 with Tafel slopes of 50–70 mV/decade; superior cycle life (200–500 h) is attained with a small OER/ORR voltage difference. Materials-based learning for perovskite discovery and optimisation is accelerating adoption in flexible batteries, wearables, medical devices, and electric vehicles (EVs) to achieve net-zero by 2050.