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<p>The role of bioresorbable medical implants in treating a variety of Health conditions has gained significant attention in recent years, with the global publication output on biodegradable zinc alloys increasing by more than 200% over the past decade. Among candidate materials, zinc has emerged as a promising alternative to magnesium and iron in bioresorbable metals. While magnesium typically degrades too quickly (~ 1–2&#xa0;mm/year in simulated body fluid, SBF, at 37&#xa0;°C) and iron too slowly or incompletely (~ 0.01–0.02&#xa0;mm/year), zinc and its alloys offer an intermediate degradation rate (~ 0.05–0.2&#xa0;mm/year), more compatible with tissue healing timelines. Recent Zn–Mg and Zn–Li alloys have achieved ultimate tensile strengths of 300–350&#xa0;MPa with elongations of 18–25%, alongside corrosion rates tailored to 0.05–0.10&#xa0;mm/year. In recent years, notable advances in understanding zinc’s biotribological behavior, corrosion mechanisms, and biocompatibility have been coupled with surface modification strategies, such as plasma electrolytic oxidation, calcium phosphate coatings, and atomic layer deposition, to optimize both degradation and biological performance. Despite these advances, significant gaps remain in correlating alloy composition, processing parameters, and surface engineering to in vivo degradation modes, systemic zinc ion release, and long-term biological responses. This review addresses these gaps by (i) summarizing zinc’s metabolic and physiological roles, (ii) critically analyzing tribological, corrosion, and biological performance data with quantified parameters, and (iii) outlining emerging coating technologies and regulatory considerations. By integrating material science, biological insights, and standardization needs, this work provides a roadmap for accelerating the safe clinical translation of zinc-based biodegradable implants.</p>

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Biodegradable Zinc-Based Alloys for Biomedical Implant Applications: A Review

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2025年12月7日

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  • Ayad Abdulrazzaq Mutar,
  • A. K. Kareem,
  • Subasini Uthirapathy,
  • Gaurav Sanghvi,
  • Majid S. Jabir,
  • Ankit Kedia,
  • Shivender Singh,
  • Ambati Vijay Kumar,
  • Abed J. Kadhim,
  • Masoud Soroush Bathaei

摘要

The role of bioresorbable medical implants in treating a variety of Health conditions has gained significant attention in recent years, with the global publication output on biodegradable zinc alloys increasing by more than 200% over the past decade. Among candidate materials, zinc has emerged as a promising alternative to magnesium and iron in bioresorbable metals. While magnesium typically degrades too quickly (~ 1–2 mm/year in simulated body fluid, SBF, at 37 °C) and iron too slowly or incompletely (~ 0.01–0.02 mm/year), zinc and its alloys offer an intermediate degradation rate (~ 0.05–0.2 mm/year), more compatible with tissue healing timelines. Recent Zn–Mg and Zn–Li alloys have achieved ultimate tensile strengths of 300–350 MPa with elongations of 18–25%, alongside corrosion rates tailored to 0.05–0.10 mm/year. In recent years, notable advances in understanding zinc’s biotribological behavior, corrosion mechanisms, and biocompatibility have been coupled with surface modification strategies, such as plasma electrolytic oxidation, calcium phosphate coatings, and atomic layer deposition, to optimize both degradation and biological performance. Despite these advances, significant gaps remain in correlating alloy composition, processing parameters, and surface engineering to in vivo degradation modes, systemic zinc ion release, and long-term biological responses. This review addresses these gaps by (i) summarizing zinc’s metabolic and physiological roles, (ii) critically analyzing tribological, corrosion, and biological performance data with quantified parameters, and (iii) outlining emerging coating technologies and regulatory considerations. By integrating material science, biological insights, and standardization needs, this work provides a roadmap for accelerating the safe clinical translation of zinc-based biodegradable implants.