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<p>Fluoride contamination in crystalline hard-rock aquifers is a major environmental and public health challenge in many semi-arid regions, where groundwater serves as the primary source of drinking water. This study developed an integrated framework for delineating groundwater potential recharge zones (GPRZs) and identifying suitable Managed Aquifer Recharge (MAR) sites in the fluoride-affected Maheshwaram watershed, Telangana, India. Twelve geo-environmental parameters, including geology, geomorphology, land use/land cover, rainfall, lineament density, transmissivity, infiltration rate, and fissured-zone thickness, were integrated using a GIS-based Analytical Hierarchy Process (AHP) and Multi-Criteria Decision Analysis (MCDA) approach. The resulting GPRZ map was independently validated using groundwater-level fluctuations and Dar-Zarrouk parameters derived from 25 Vertical Electrical Soundings (VES). Overlay analysis of validated recharge zones with drainage and lineament networks identified 63 potential recharge locations. To assess groundwater-quality benefits, long-term groundwater-level and fluoride records (2003–2023) from 19 monitoring wells were analyzed. Only 14 sites exhibited a consistent inverse relationship between groundwater-level rise and fluoride concentration, indicating effective recharge-induced fluoride dilution. The results demonstrate that recharge suitability alone is insufficient for MAR planning in fluoride-affected crystalline aquifers, as recharge may either dilute or mobilize fluoride depending on local hydrogeological and hydrochemical conditions. By integrating recharge potential, geophysical validation, and long-term hydrochemical responses, the proposed framework provides a transferable and cost-effective methodology for sustainable MAR planning and groundwater-quality management in hard-rock aquifer systems.</p>

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Managed aquifer recharge for fluoride mitigation in crystalline hard rock aquifers: an integrated hydrological and hydrogeological approach

  • 期刊论文

  • 出版模式：

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  • 发表日期：

    2026年7月21日

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  • Shahwaz Khan,
  • P. D. Sreedevi,
  • Tanvi Arora,
  • Shakeel Ahmed

摘要

Fluoride contamination in crystalline hard-rock aquifers is a major environmental and public health challenge in many semi-arid regions, where groundwater serves as the primary source of drinking water. This study developed an integrated framework for delineating groundwater potential recharge zones (GPRZs) and identifying suitable Managed Aquifer Recharge (MAR) sites in the fluoride-affected Maheshwaram watershed, Telangana, India. Twelve geo-environmental parameters, including geology, geomorphology, land use/land cover, rainfall, lineament density, transmissivity, infiltration rate, and fissured-zone thickness, were integrated using a GIS-based Analytical Hierarchy Process (AHP) and Multi-Criteria Decision Analysis (MCDA) approach. The resulting GPRZ map was independently validated using groundwater-level fluctuations and Dar-Zarrouk parameters derived from 25 Vertical Electrical Soundings (VES). Overlay analysis of validated recharge zones with drainage and lineament networks identified 63 potential recharge locations. To assess groundwater-quality benefits, long-term groundwater-level and fluoride records (2003–2023) from 19 monitoring wells were analyzed. Only 14 sites exhibited a consistent inverse relationship between groundwater-level rise and fluoride concentration, indicating effective recharge-induced fluoride dilution. The results demonstrate that recharge suitability alone is insufficient for MAR planning in fluoride-affected crystalline aquifers, as recharge may either dilute or mobilize fluoride depending on local hydrogeological and hydrochemical conditions. By integrating recharge potential, geophysical validation, and long-term hydrochemical responses, the proposed framework provides a transferable and cost-effective methodology for sustainable MAR planning and groundwater-quality management in hard-rock aquifer systems.