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<p>Heavy metals alter microbial communities and impact soil carbon storage and transformation. However, it remains unclear whether different types of industrial pollution leave distinct molecular fingerprints on soil dissolved organic matter (DOM) and whether such patterns are driven by specific microbial mechanisms. Using an integrated approach that combined fourier transform ion cyclotron resonance mass spectrometry (FT-ICR MS), stable carbon isotope (δ<sup>13</sup>C<sub>org</sub>) analysis, and high-throughput sequencing, we compared soils from representative smelting, mining, and natural background sites in Shaoguan, Guangdong Province. The results showed that there was a generally positive correlation between heavy metals in the soil at the smelting site and total organic carbon (TOC), with significant enrichment of the <sup>13</sup>C, and a strong response of bacteria to easily degradable DOM. Conversely, the recalcitrant components in the DOM of the mining site soil had a strong response to fungi. And the sulfur-containing molecules (CHOS, 15.21%) and nitrogen-sulfur-containing molecules (CHONS, 15.30%) in the DOM were enriched. Structural equation modeling (SEM) further confirmed that heavy metals, especially Cd and Pb, influence DOM characteristics primarily through reshaping microbial community composition. To our knowledge, this study is the first to demonstrate, at both molecular and isotopic levels, that different industrial sources leave distinguishable geochemical and microbiological fingerprints in soils. These findings provide a novel theoretical framework and technical basis for precise pollution source apportionment and ecological risk assessment, offering valuable guidance for the management and restoration of heavily contaminated soils.</p>

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Microbial community regulation of spectral and molecular characteristics of soil dissolved organic matter in typical heavy metal-contaminated soil

  • 期刊论文

  • 出版模式：

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  • 发表日期：

    2026年7月21日

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  • Pei Xu,
  • Rongfei Wei,
  • Yinbo Xu,
  • Sinan Liu,
  • Changqiu Zhao,
  • Xin Li,
  • Fengxin Kang,
  • Qingjun Guo

摘要

Heavy metals alter microbial communities and impact soil carbon storage and transformation. However, it remains unclear whether different types of industrial pollution leave distinct molecular fingerprints on soil dissolved organic matter (DOM) and whether such patterns are driven by specific microbial mechanisms. Using an integrated approach that combined fourier transform ion cyclotron resonance mass spectrometry (FT-ICR MS), stable carbon isotope (δ13Corg) analysis, and high-throughput sequencing, we compared soils from representative smelting, mining, and natural background sites in Shaoguan, Guangdong Province. The results showed that there was a generally positive correlation between heavy metals in the soil at the smelting site and total organic carbon (TOC), with significant enrichment of the 13C, and a strong response of bacteria to easily degradable DOM. Conversely, the recalcitrant components in the DOM of the mining site soil had a strong response to fungi. And the sulfur-containing molecules (CHOS, 15.21%) and nitrogen-sulfur-containing molecules (CHONS, 15.30%) in the DOM were enriched. Structural equation modeling (SEM) further confirmed that heavy metals, especially Cd and Pb, influence DOM characteristics primarily through reshaping microbial community composition. To our knowledge, this study is the first to demonstrate, at both molecular and isotopic levels, that different industrial sources leave distinguishable geochemical and microbiological fingerprints in soils. These findings provide a novel theoretical framework and technical basis for precise pollution source apportionment and ecological risk assessment, offering valuable guidance for the management and restoration of heavily contaminated soils.