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<p>Soil liquefaction is a critical geotechnical hazard in seismically active regions, posing severe risks to infrastructure, human life, and economic stability. This study aims to evaluate the spatial and depth-dependent liquefaction potential of Osmaniye, which faces a high seismic hazard, by using an extensive borehole dataset and advanced analytical methods. A total of 545 borehole records were analyzed using corrected Standard Penetration Test (SPT) data and seismic loading conditions associated with the 2023 Kahramanmaraş earthquake (Mw of 7.8). Four key parameters were calculated for each borehole location: the Factor of Safety (FS), Liquefaction Probability (PL), Liquefaction Potential Index (LPI), and Liquefaction Severity Index (LSI). Geographic Information System (GIS)-based maps, which indicate the spatial hazard, were generated through geostatistical interpolation of LPI and LSI values at depths of 6&#xa0;m, 12&#xa0;m, and 18&#xa0;m, enabling a comprehensive visualization of liquefaction risk distribution. The results revealed that deeper soil layers exhibit higher liquefaction potential, with maximum LPI and LSI values increasing with depth. Specifically, LPI categorized 14%, 25.9%, and 29% of boreholes as moderate or higher risk at 6&#xa0;m, 12&#xa0;m, and 18&#xa0;m, respectively, while LSI classified 4.8%, 13%, and 18.2% in the same manner. LPI generally produced more conservative risk estimates compared to LSI. The resulting hazard maps, color-coded from green (low risk) to red (very high risk), provide valuable insights for earthquake-resilient urban planning. High-risk zones were identified for mitigation and potential relocation, while low-risk areas were deemed suitable for future development. This study underscores the importance of integrated, depth-sensitive, and probabilistic liquefaction assessments in guiding safe land use in earthquake-prone regions.</p>

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Assessment of soil liquefaction hazard using the liquefaction potential and severity index in Osmaniye, Türkiye

  • 期刊论文

  • 出版模式：

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  • 发表日期：

    2026年5月25日

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  • Mitat Öztürk,
  • Muhammet Çınar

摘要

Soil liquefaction is a critical geotechnical hazard in seismically active regions, posing severe risks to infrastructure, human life, and economic stability. This study aims to evaluate the spatial and depth-dependent liquefaction potential of Osmaniye, which faces a high seismic hazard, by using an extensive borehole dataset and advanced analytical methods. A total of 545 borehole records were analyzed using corrected Standard Penetration Test (SPT) data and seismic loading conditions associated with the 2023 Kahramanmaraş earthquake (Mw of 7.8). Four key parameters were calculated for each borehole location: the Factor of Safety (FS), Liquefaction Probability (PL), Liquefaction Potential Index (LPI), and Liquefaction Severity Index (LSI). Geographic Information System (GIS)-based maps, which indicate the spatial hazard, were generated through geostatistical interpolation of LPI and LSI values at depths of 6 m, 12 m, and 18 m, enabling a comprehensive visualization of liquefaction risk distribution. The results revealed that deeper soil layers exhibit higher liquefaction potential, with maximum LPI and LSI values increasing with depth. Specifically, LPI categorized 14%, 25.9%, and 29% of boreholes as moderate or higher risk at 6 m, 12 m, and 18 m, respectively, while LSI classified 4.8%, 13%, and 18.2% in the same manner. LPI generally produced more conservative risk estimates compared to LSI. The resulting hazard maps, color-coded from green (low risk) to red (very high risk), provide valuable insights for earthquake-resilient urban planning. High-risk zones were identified for mitigation and potential relocation, while low-risk areas were deemed suitable for future development. This study underscores the importance of integrated, depth-sensitive, and probabilistic liquefaction assessments in guiding safe land use in earthquake-prone regions.