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<p>The microbial-mediated formation of secondary minerals plays an indispensable role in shaping the gradient of metal concentrations in real-world acid mine drainage (AMD) scenarios, which remain insufficiently understood. This study explored the intricate patterns among microbes, minerals, and toxins from locations upstream of abandoned mining sites to downstream population settlements in AMD-polluted rivers. In upstream river areas, bacterial oxidizers, such as <i>Sulfobacillus</i>,<i> Acidiphilium</i>, and <i>Cyanobacteria</i>, were very conducive in generating S-rich gypsum, bassanite, and jarosite to fix metals. In the midstream region, Fe-rich minerals were formed with the support of the class Thermoplasmata of archaeans, and were more favorable for the accumulation of cationic Pb and Cd. Notably, with the help of the bacteria <i>Arthrobacter</i> and <i>Vicinamibacteraceae</i>, the production of Al-substituted Fe minerals in the estuary resulted in an impressive total enrichment of 4.00&#xa0;g kg<sup>− 1</sup> for the studied toxic metals, especially the cationic Cu, Zn, and Ni. In addition, all newly formed minerals were effective at sequestering oxyanionic As, Cr, and Mo. These findings provide valuable biogeochemical insights into the tight connections among microbes, minerals, and toxins during the natural attenuation process in AMD-polluted rivers.</p>

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A mine drainage-polluted river case study: microbial mediated formation of secondary minerals and their selective fixation of toxic metals

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2025年7月11日

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  • Ting Wu,
  • Huaqing Chen,
  • Min Yang,
  • Weihuang Zhu

摘要

The microbial-mediated formation of secondary minerals plays an indispensable role in shaping the gradient of metal concentrations in real-world acid mine drainage (AMD) scenarios, which remain insufficiently understood. This study explored the intricate patterns among microbes, minerals, and toxins from locations upstream of abandoned mining sites to downstream population settlements in AMD-polluted rivers. In upstream river areas, bacterial oxidizers, such as Sulfobacillus, Acidiphilium, and Cyanobacteria, were very conducive in generating S-rich gypsum, bassanite, and jarosite to fix metals. In the midstream region, Fe-rich minerals were formed with the support of the class Thermoplasmata of archaeans, and were more favorable for the accumulation of cationic Pb and Cd. Notably, with the help of the bacteria Arthrobacter and Vicinamibacteraceae, the production of Al-substituted Fe minerals in the estuary resulted in an impressive total enrichment of 4.00 g kg− 1 for the studied toxic metals, especially the cationic Cu, Zn, and Ni. In addition, all newly formed minerals were effective at sequestering oxyanionic As, Cr, and Mo. These findings provide valuable biogeochemical insights into the tight connections among microbes, minerals, and toxins during the natural attenuation process in AMD-polluted rivers.