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<p>Understanding the impacts of land use and land cover change (LULCC) is essential for sustainable watershed management, particularly in ecologically vulnerable regions. This study investigates LULCC dynamics and associated environmental impacts in the Muger River watershed, part of Ethiopia’s rapidly transforming Blue Nile Basin, over 40&#xa0;years (1984–2024). Land cover maps were developed using supervised Random Forest classification in Google Earth Engine for the years 1984, 1994, 2004, 2014, and 2024. The results indicate expansion of settlements (+ 724.85 km<sup>2</sup>) and cultivated land (+ 1,346.80 km<sup>2</sup>), accompanied by a drop in forest (− 924.43 km<sup>2</sup>) and grassland (− 1,024.28 km<sup>2</sup>). These transformations have contributed to rising land surface temperatures (+ 5.6&#xa0;°C), a 55.8% decrease in soil moisture, 401 tons/ha of soil loss, a 14.11% reduction in biomass, a 36.98% decline in water balance, and a 4.06 W/m<sup>2</sup> increase in soil heat flux, indicators of increasing drought risk and ecosystem stress. Classification accuracies exceeded 90%, with Kappa coefficients above 0.88. Projections suggest continued degradation, including further loss of natural vegetation and expansion of anthropogenic land uses. These findings highlight the importance of integrated land use planning, incorporating environmental feedback, demonstrating the value of linking LULCC analysis with biophysical indicators for sustainable management in vulnerable regions.</p>

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Exploring the nexus between land use and land cover change and environmental parameters using Google Earth Engine

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2025年7月21日

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  • Gizaw Abera Gebreegziabher,
  • Sileshi Degefa,
  • Wakgari Furi,
  • Gebeyehu Abebe

摘要

Understanding the impacts of land use and land cover change (LULCC) is essential for sustainable watershed management, particularly in ecologically vulnerable regions. This study investigates LULCC dynamics and associated environmental impacts in the Muger River watershed, part of Ethiopia’s rapidly transforming Blue Nile Basin, over 40 years (1984–2024). Land cover maps were developed using supervised Random Forest classification in Google Earth Engine for the years 1984, 1994, 2004, 2014, and 2024. The results indicate expansion of settlements (+ 724.85 km2) and cultivated land (+ 1,346.80 km2), accompanied by a drop in forest (− 924.43 km2) and grassland (− 1,024.28 km2). These transformations have contributed to rising land surface temperatures (+ 5.6 °C), a 55.8% decrease in soil moisture, 401 tons/ha of soil loss, a 14.11% reduction in biomass, a 36.98% decline in water balance, and a 4.06 W/m2 increase in soil heat flux, indicators of increasing drought risk and ecosystem stress. Classification accuracies exceeded 90%, with Kappa coefficients above 0.88. Projections suggest continued degradation, including further loss of natural vegetation and expansion of anthropogenic land uses. These findings highlight the importance of integrated land use planning, incorporating environmental feedback, demonstrating the value of linking LULCC analysis with biophysical indicators for sustainable management in vulnerable regions.