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<p>The preparation process intensely disordered the structure of clay soil (S), resulting in the production of very fine particles measuring 25&#xa0;nm in thickness and 150&#xa0;nm in diameter, all producing a large surface area that allows for more water molecules to be absorbed. To distinguish material properties, X-ray diffraction (XRD), X-ray fluorescence (XRF), field-emission scanning electron microscopy (FE-SEM), and atomic force microscopy (AFM) analyses were undertaken. The geotechnical properties studied include the Atterberg limit, Proctor Compaction Test (PCT), unconfined compressive strength (UCS), and California Bearing Ratio (CBR) tests. Nano-clay (N) and cement (C) particles, used as soil additives, were mixed in optimal proportions of 1, 3, and 5 wt% for the designed mixes of SN, SC, and SNC, and were cured for 1 and 7 days. The results show that nano-clay and cement significantly improved the mechanical properties of clay soil (<i>E</i> = up to 17832 kN/m<sup>2</sup>). The strong water retention of nano kaolinite, followed by chemical reactions, textural performance, and particle packing, designates a novel finding for nano-clay particles to be a comparable blende, OPC substitute, and a curing agent in self-compacting clay (SCC) soil. The optimal mix percentages (1, 3, and 5 wt%) collectively exhibited the best records in terms of mechanical effectiveness, textural condensation, and polymeric cabbage growth. These findings strongly support their recommendation for practical field applications.</p>

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Novel approach to improve geotechnical properties of clay soil by nano-clay and OPC particles

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2025年7月15日

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  • Abolfazl Soltani,
  • Amin Moradi

摘要

The preparation process intensely disordered the structure of clay soil (S), resulting in the production of very fine particles measuring 25 nm in thickness and 150 nm in diameter, all producing a large surface area that allows for more water molecules to be absorbed. To distinguish material properties, X-ray diffraction (XRD), X-ray fluorescence (XRF), field-emission scanning electron microscopy (FE-SEM), and atomic force microscopy (AFM) analyses were undertaken. The geotechnical properties studied include the Atterberg limit, Proctor Compaction Test (PCT), unconfined compressive strength (UCS), and California Bearing Ratio (CBR) tests. Nano-clay (N) and cement (C) particles, used as soil additives, were mixed in optimal proportions of 1, 3, and 5 wt% for the designed mixes of SN, SC, and SNC, and were cured for 1 and 7 days. The results show that nano-clay and cement significantly improved the mechanical properties of clay soil (E = up to 17832 kN/m2). The strong water retention of nano kaolinite, followed by chemical reactions, textural performance, and particle packing, designates a novel finding for nano-clay particles to be a comparable blende, OPC substitute, and a curing agent in self-compacting clay (SCC) soil. The optimal mix percentages (1, 3, and 5 wt%) collectively exhibited the best records in terms of mechanical effectiveness, textural condensation, and polymeric cabbage growth. These findings strongly support their recommendation for practical field applications.