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<p>Chemical composition (ion) of precipitation contains the information of atmospheric pollution, provides key scientific evidence for improving air quality and deposition flux to ecological environmental assessment in study region. The ion concentrations of 99 precipitation events (January 2013 to December 2014) in Kunming (southwest monsoonal region of China) were reported here with detailed study on the ion characteristics, sources tracing and influencing factors by correlation analysis (SPSS software), Positive Matrix Factorization (PMF) and Hybrid Single Particle Lagrangian Integrated Trajectory (HYSPLIT) models analysis. The results showed that the major ions were NH<sub>4</sub><sup>+</sup>, Ca<sup>2+</sup>, SO<sub>4</sub><sup>2−</sup> and NO<sub>3</sub><sup>−</sup>, accounting for 81% of the total ions. PMF model results estimated six sources: secondary inorganic product, metal-cement industrial source, construction dust source, chlorination industrial source, marine source and biomass combustion source. In addition, HYSPLIT results showed that Kunming was mainly affected by five air masses, with highest ionic flux from the southwest direction (Indian Ocean). The annual average concentration of precipitation ions from 2013 to 2020 show positive relationships to air quality index (AQI), which indicate that precipitation ions can record different types of human activities (i.e. “coal ban”, energy structure transformation, fertilizer usage, etc.) contribute to AQI.</p>

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Chemical characteristics, source apportionment of precipitation ion and the response to air quality in Kunming, southwest monsoonal area of China

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2025年1月20日

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  • Luhua Xie,
  • Yin Wang

摘要

Chemical composition (ion) of precipitation contains the information of atmospheric pollution, provides key scientific evidence for improving air quality and deposition flux to ecological environmental assessment in study region. The ion concentrations of 99 precipitation events (January 2013 to December 2014) in Kunming (southwest monsoonal region of China) were reported here with detailed study on the ion characteristics, sources tracing and influencing factors by correlation analysis (SPSS software), Positive Matrix Factorization (PMF) and Hybrid Single Particle Lagrangian Integrated Trajectory (HYSPLIT) models analysis. The results showed that the major ions were NH4+, Ca2+, SO42− and NO3−, accounting for 81% of the total ions. PMF model results estimated six sources: secondary inorganic product, metal-cement industrial source, construction dust source, chlorination industrial source, marine source and biomass combustion source. In addition, HYSPLIT results showed that Kunming was mainly affected by five air masses, with highest ionic flux from the southwest direction (Indian Ocean). The annual average concentration of precipitation ions from 2013 to 2020 show positive relationships to air quality index (AQI), which indicate that precipitation ions can record different types of human activities (i.e. “coal ban”, energy structure transformation, fertilizer usage, etc.) contribute to AQI.