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Background <p>Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD), a chronic liver disorder characterized by significant metabolic dysfunction, has emerged as a growing health concern among women of childbearing age (WCBA). It is strongly associated with adverse pregnancy outcomes and long-term hepatic risks. However, systematic analyses of the global burden of NAFLD in WCBA remain limited.</p> Methods <p>Using data from the Global Burden of Disease Study (1990–2021), we assessed the prevalence, incidence and disability-adjusted life years (DALYs) of NAFLD among WCBA. Trends were evaluated via estimated annual percentage change (EAPC) and percentage change, with point estimates and 95% uncertainty intervals (UIs) reported. It is important to note that in the GBD 2021 framework, the DALYs for NAFLD are entirely composed of years lived with disability (YLDs), as the years of life lost (YLLs) component is modeled as zero.</p> Results <p>From 1990 to 2021, the global burden of NAFLD in WCBA exhibited a “triple-high” pattern: prevalence, incidence and DALY rates increased significantly by 35.3%, 24.1% and 20.6%, respectively. The increase in DALYs reflects a rising morbidity and disability burden. The burden correlated strongly with the socio-demographic index (SDI), with the highest prevalence in middle-SDI regions, the fastest incidence growth in high-SDI regions and the greatest DALY burden in middle-high-SDI regions (e.g. Eastern Europe, 99.26 DALYs/100,000). Marked regional disparities were observed: Eastern Europe and the Middle East saw dramatic rises (702% and 917%, respectively), while east Asia and high-income Asia Pacific declined by 26% to&#xa0;28%, with Japan and China achieving notable reductions (33% and 29%, respectively). In contrast, countries including Russia experienced a 951% surge. The burden-SDI relationship followed an “inverted U-curve.”</p> Conclusion <p>These findings provide critical epidemiological insights for global NAFLD prevention and underscore the need for targeted health policies for WCBA as a high-risk population.</p> Graphical Abstract <p></p>

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Global, regional and national burden and trends of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease in women of reproductive age from 1990 to 2021: Insights from the Global burden of disease study 2021

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2026年5月11日

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  • Yi Yu,
  • Chunxia Zhang,
  • Zirong Liang,
  • Xiang Wang,
  • Jun Wang,
  • Feihu Bai,
  • Dekui Zhang,
  • Yonggang Tian

摘要

Background

Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD), a chronic liver disorder characterized by significant metabolic dysfunction, has emerged as a growing health concern among women of childbearing age (WCBA). It is strongly associated with adverse pregnancy outcomes and long-term hepatic risks. However, systematic analyses of the global burden of NAFLD in WCBA remain limited.

Methods

Using data from the Global Burden of Disease Study (1990–2021), we assessed the prevalence, incidence and disability-adjusted life years (DALYs) of NAFLD among WCBA. Trends were evaluated via estimated annual percentage change (EAPC) and percentage change, with point estimates and 95% uncertainty intervals (UIs) reported. It is important to note that in the GBD 2021 framework, the DALYs for NAFLD are entirely composed of years lived with disability (YLDs), as the years of life lost (YLLs) component is modeled as zero.

Results

From 1990 to 2021, the global burden of NAFLD in WCBA exhibited a “triple-high” pattern: prevalence, incidence and DALY rates increased significantly by 35.3%, 24.1% and 20.6%, respectively. The increase in DALYs reflects a rising morbidity and disability burden. The burden correlated strongly with the socio-demographic index (SDI), with the highest prevalence in middle-SDI regions, the fastest incidence growth in high-SDI regions and the greatest DALY burden in middle-high-SDI regions (e.g. Eastern Europe, 99.26 DALYs/100,000). Marked regional disparities were observed: Eastern Europe and the Middle East saw dramatic rises (702% and 917%, respectively), while east Asia and high-income Asia Pacific declined by 26% to 28%, with Japan and China achieving notable reductions (33% and 29%, respectively). In contrast, countries including Russia experienced a 951% surge. The burden-SDI relationship followed an “inverted U-curve.”

Conclusion

These findings provide critical epidemiological insights for global NAFLD prevention and underscore the need for targeted health policies for WCBA as a high-risk population.

Graphical Abstract