Surgical-Site Infection Following Maxillofacial Fracture Repair in E-Scooter and E-Bike Trauma: A Retrospective Cohort Study
摘要
To investigate the incidence, anatomical risk factors, and peri-operative determinants of surgical-site infection (SSI) after operative repair of maxillofacial fractures caused by E-scooter and E-bike trauma, a rapidly emerging cause of urban injuries.
MethodsA retrospective cohort of 129 consecutive patients with micromobility–related facial fractures (2017–2022) was analyzed. Demographic, injury, operative, and pharmacologic variables were extracted from medical records. SSI was defined according to CDC/NHSN criteria and graded using the Clavien–Dindo classification. Comparative analyses employed Fisher’s exact and Mann–Whitney U tests.
ResultsSSI occurred in 3.1% (4/129; 95% CI 0.9–7.7%) of patients, all of whom were classified as Clavien–Dindo grade III and required reoperation or intravenous therapy. Infections were exclusively confined to sinus-bearing fractures (orbit, frontal, zygomatic), with significant clustering in orbital fractures (p = 0.023) and sparing of the mandible (p = 0.041). ORIF carried the highest burden, with an infection rate of 8.6%, while one case was managed with isolated soft-tissue repair. Neither operative duration, emergency status, steroids, nor antibiotic prophylaxis reduced the risk of infection. Infected patients had longer hospitalizations (7 vs. 5 days) and markedly prolonged surveillance periods (60 vs. 8 weeks; p = 0.053).
ConclusionsAlthough uncommon, SSI in micromobility trauma occurs in 3.1% of patients and demonstrates an anatomical concentration within sinus-bearing fractures. These findings describe the occurrence and anatomical distribution of SSI within a micromobility-related facial trauma cohort and may inform future hypothesis-driven studies.