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Background <p>Early detection of oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) remains challenging due to morphological overlap between dysplastic and malignant epithelial cells. DNA-Karyometry (DNA-KM), which integrates nuclear morphometry with DNA ploidy analysis, has emerged as a potential objective diagnostic adjunct.</p> Methods <p>A systematic review and meta-analysis was conducted in accordance with PRISMA-DTA 2020 guidelines. PubMed, Scopus, EBSCOhost, and Google Scholar were searched up to September 2025. Studies evaluating the diagnostic accuracy of DNA-KM in histopathologically confirmed oral cancer were included. Pooled sensitivity, specificity, likelihood ratios, and diagnostic odds ratio (DOR) were estimated using random-effects models, with heterogeneity assessed using the I² statistic.</p> Results <p>Four studies comprising 398 samples were included, all originating from a single research group in Germany. The pooled sensitivity was 0.84 (95% CI: 0.26–1.00) and pooled specificity was 0.80 (95% CI: 0.23–1.00). The area under the curve (AUC) was 0.77, indicating fair diagnostic performance; however, wide confidence intervals reflected substantial statistical imprecision and uncertainty.</p> Conclusion <p>DNA-KM demonstrates biologically plausible and potentially useful diagnostic characteristics for OSCC detection; however, current evidence is limited to four studies from a single research group, restricting external validity and independent validation. Therefore, findings should be interpreted as preliminary and hypothesis-generating rather than confirmatory.</p>

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Preliminary Evidence on the Diagnostic Accuracy of DNA-Karyometry for Oral Squamous Cell Carcinoma Detection: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2026年6月18日

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  • Shubhanker Singh,
  • Shilpa Bawane,
  • Sagar Sanjay Kadadhekar

摘要

Background

Early detection of oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) remains challenging due to morphological overlap between dysplastic and malignant epithelial cells. DNA-Karyometry (DNA-KM), which integrates nuclear morphometry with DNA ploidy analysis, has emerged as a potential objective diagnostic adjunct.

Methods

A systematic review and meta-analysis was conducted in accordance with PRISMA-DTA 2020 guidelines. PubMed, Scopus, EBSCOhost, and Google Scholar were searched up to September 2025. Studies evaluating the diagnostic accuracy of DNA-KM in histopathologically confirmed oral cancer were included. Pooled sensitivity, specificity, likelihood ratios, and diagnostic odds ratio (DOR) were estimated using random-effects models, with heterogeneity assessed using the I² statistic.

Results

Four studies comprising 398 samples were included, all originating from a single research group in Germany. The pooled sensitivity was 0.84 (95% CI: 0.26–1.00) and pooled specificity was 0.80 (95% CI: 0.23–1.00). The area under the curve (AUC) was 0.77, indicating fair diagnostic performance; however, wide confidence intervals reflected substantial statistical imprecision and uncertainty.

Conclusion

DNA-KM demonstrates biologically plausible and potentially useful diagnostic characteristics for OSCC detection; however, current evidence is limited to four studies from a single research group, restricting external validity and independent validation. Therefore, findings should be interpreted as preliminary and hypothesis-generating rather than confirmatory.