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Objective <p>Conventional assessment of secondary alveolar bone grafting outcomes in cleft patients has largely relied on two-dimensional scoring systems, linear measurements, or subjective grading, which inadequately capture the complex three-dimensional morphology of regenerated alveolar bone. This study aimed to develop and evaluate a reproducible CBCT-based three-dimensional imaging protocol for the volumetric assessment of regenerated bone following secondary alveolar bone grafting in patients with bilateral cleft lip and palate.</p> Methods <p>This methodological feasibility study included 24 alveolar cleft sites in 12 patients with complete bilateral cleft lip and palate undergoing secondary alveolar bone grafting with autologous iliac crest bone during mixed dentition. CBCT scans were acquired preoperatively and at one-year follow-up. A standardized software-assisted workflow incorporating segmentation, three-dimensional alignment, and volumetric quantification of regenerated bone was applied. Descriptive statistics summarized outcomes, and interobserver reliability assessed reproducibility.</p> Results <p>The mean regenerated bone volume was 78.49&#xa0;mm³ (SD: 17.46) and the mean regenerated bone surface area was 178.89&#xa0;mm² (SD: 56.13). The protocol enabled consistent three-dimensional segmentation and quantitative evaluation of regenerated bone, demonstrating high interobserver reliability.</p> Conclusion <p>The proposed CBCT-based three-dimensional software-assisted protocol provides a feasible and reproducible method for volumetric evaluation of regenerated bone following SABG in patients with bilateral cleft alveolus.</p>

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Software Assisted 3 Dimensional Radiographic Protocol Assessment of Secondary Alveolar Bone Grafting in Bilateral Cleft Lip and Palate patients

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2026年4月20日

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  • Meenakshi Kothari,
  • Satishkumar G. Patil,
  • Ashwin Shah,
  • Udupikrishna Joshi,
  • Basavprabhu Biradar

摘要

Objective

Conventional assessment of secondary alveolar bone grafting outcomes in cleft patients has largely relied on two-dimensional scoring systems, linear measurements, or subjective grading, which inadequately capture the complex three-dimensional morphology of regenerated alveolar bone. This study aimed to develop and evaluate a reproducible CBCT-based three-dimensional imaging protocol for the volumetric assessment of regenerated bone following secondary alveolar bone grafting in patients with bilateral cleft lip and palate.

Methods

This methodological feasibility study included 24 alveolar cleft sites in 12 patients with complete bilateral cleft lip and palate undergoing secondary alveolar bone grafting with autologous iliac crest bone during mixed dentition. CBCT scans were acquired preoperatively and at one-year follow-up. A standardized software-assisted workflow incorporating segmentation, three-dimensional alignment, and volumetric quantification of regenerated bone was applied. Descriptive statistics summarized outcomes, and interobserver reliability assessed reproducibility.

Results

The mean regenerated bone volume was 78.49 mm³ (SD: 17.46) and the mean regenerated bone surface area was 178.89 mm² (SD: 56.13). The protocol enabled consistent three-dimensional segmentation and quantitative evaluation of regenerated bone, demonstrating high interobserver reliability.

Conclusion

The proposed CBCT-based three-dimensional software-assisted protocol provides a feasible and reproducible method for volumetric evaluation of regenerated bone following SABG in patients with bilateral cleft alveolus.