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Introduction <p>Reconstruction in oral and maxillofacial surgery (OMFS) is challenging due to complex craniofacial anatomy and limitations of conventional grafting techniques. Stem cell–based regenerative therapies have emerged as a biologically driven adjunct to enhance tissue regeneration and reduce donor site morbidity.</p> Methods <p>This narrative review synthesizes representative preclinical, translational, and early clinical studies evaluating stem cell–based therapies in OMFS. Applications reviewed include alveolar bone regeneration, temporomandibular joint disorders, peripheral nerve repair, oral mucosal regeneration in oral submucous fibrosis, and management of osteoradionecrosis. Emerging innovations such as three dimensional bioprinting, gene modified stem cells, and stem cell–derived exosomes are also discussed.</p> Results <p>Available evidence indicates that stem cell–based approaches can enhance osteogenesis, angiogenesis, immunomodulation, and soft tissue healing, with encouraging functional and symptomatic outcomes. However, clinical translation remains constrained by heterogeneity in protocols, regulatory challenges, cost, and limited long term data.</p> Conclusion <p>Stem cell therapy is gradually transitioning toward translational application in OMFS. Standardized methodologies and clinically meaningful outcome measures are essential for safe and effective integration into routine practice.</p>

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Emerging Role of Stem Cell Therapy in Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2026年3月4日

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  • Anuj Jain,
  • Yash Merchant,
  • Anil Managutti

摘要

Introduction

Reconstruction in oral and maxillofacial surgery (OMFS) is challenging due to complex craniofacial anatomy and limitations of conventional grafting techniques. Stem cell–based regenerative therapies have emerged as a biologically driven adjunct to enhance tissue regeneration and reduce donor site morbidity.

Methods

This narrative review synthesizes representative preclinical, translational, and early clinical studies evaluating stem cell–based therapies in OMFS. Applications reviewed include alveolar bone regeneration, temporomandibular joint disorders, peripheral nerve repair, oral mucosal regeneration in oral submucous fibrosis, and management of osteoradionecrosis. Emerging innovations such as three dimensional bioprinting, gene modified stem cells, and stem cell–derived exosomes are also discussed.

Results

Available evidence indicates that stem cell–based approaches can enhance osteogenesis, angiogenesis, immunomodulation, and soft tissue healing, with encouraging functional and symptomatic outcomes. However, clinical translation remains constrained by heterogeneity in protocols, regulatory challenges, cost, and limited long term data.

Conclusion

Stem cell therapy is gradually transitioning toward translational application in OMFS. Standardized methodologies and clinically meaningful outcome measures are essential for safe and effective integration into routine practice.