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Background <p><i>Cinnamomum zeylanicum</i> (cinnamon) has long been valued in traditional medicine for its therapeutic properties, especially in conditions associated with inflammation and oxidative stress. Its phytochemical profile includes cinnamaldehyde, eugenol, flavonoids, and polyphenols, which have been widely reported to exhibit strong antioxidant, antimicrobial, and anti-inflammatory effects, making cinnamon a potential natural intervention for disease management, including oral pathological conditions.</p> Aim <p>The aim of the study was to evaluate and compare the anti-inflammatory and cytotoxic effects of aqueous and methanolic cinnamon extracts and to assess their therapeutic application in oral lesions.</p> Materials and Methods <p>Powdered cinnamon bark was extracted using aqueous and methanolic solvents. Both extracts were characterized using UV–Visible spectrophotometry and FTIR analysis to confirm the presence of functional phytochemical groups. Anti-inflammatory activity was assessed using the albumin denaturation assay and cytotoxicity was measured using the MTT assay on A549 cancer cells across concentrations ranging from 0 to 200&#xa0;µg/mL.</p> Results <p>Spectroscopic analysis confirmed the presence of phenolic and aromatic compounds in both extracts. The methanolic extract demonstrated greater anti-inflammatory activity in a concentration-dependent manner. Cytotoxicity assays revealed dose-dependent reductions in cell viability, with the aqueous extract exhibiting a lower IC₅₀ value (85&#xa0;µg/mL) compared to the methanolic extract (98&#xa0;µg/mL), indicating higher cytotoxic potency.</p> Conclusion <p>Both aqueous and methanolic <i>Cinnamomum zeylanicum</i> extracts possess significant bioactivity, suggesting potential clinical relevance in managing oral inflammatory lesions and possibly early-stage oral pathological conditions. Further mechanistic, in vivo, and clinical studies are required to validate their translational application. Cinnamon extracts may serve as cost-effective, natural adjuncts in oral care, offering anti-inflammatory benefits with additional cytotoxic potential.</p>

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Cinnamon Extracts as a Dual-Action Natural Therapeutic Approach for Oral Inflammatory Lesions and Oral Potentially Malignant Disorders: An In Vitro Study

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2026年3月3日

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  • Kaviyasri Parthiban,
  • Sandra Sagar,
  • Genickson Jeyaraj

摘要

Background

Cinnamomum zeylanicum (cinnamon) has long been valued in traditional medicine for its therapeutic properties, especially in conditions associated with inflammation and oxidative stress. Its phytochemical profile includes cinnamaldehyde, eugenol, flavonoids, and polyphenols, which have been widely reported to exhibit strong antioxidant, antimicrobial, and anti-inflammatory effects, making cinnamon a potential natural intervention for disease management, including oral pathological conditions.

Aim

The aim of the study was to evaluate and compare the anti-inflammatory and cytotoxic effects of aqueous and methanolic cinnamon extracts and to assess their therapeutic application in oral lesions.

Materials and Methods

Powdered cinnamon bark was extracted using aqueous and methanolic solvents. Both extracts were characterized using UV–Visible spectrophotometry and FTIR analysis to confirm the presence of functional phytochemical groups. Anti-inflammatory activity was assessed using the albumin denaturation assay and cytotoxicity was measured using the MTT assay on A549 cancer cells across concentrations ranging from 0 to 200 µg/mL.

Results

Spectroscopic analysis confirmed the presence of phenolic and aromatic compounds in both extracts. The methanolic extract demonstrated greater anti-inflammatory activity in a concentration-dependent manner. Cytotoxicity assays revealed dose-dependent reductions in cell viability, with the aqueous extract exhibiting a lower IC₅₀ value (85 µg/mL) compared to the methanolic extract (98 µg/mL), indicating higher cytotoxic potency.

Conclusion

Both aqueous and methanolic Cinnamomum zeylanicum extracts possess significant bioactivity, suggesting potential clinical relevance in managing oral inflammatory lesions and possibly early-stage oral pathological conditions. Further mechanistic, in vivo, and clinical studies are required to validate their translational application. Cinnamon extracts may serve as cost-effective, natural adjuncts in oral care, offering anti-inflammatory benefits with additional cytotoxic potential.