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Background <p>Tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes (TILs) represent the host immune response and may influence metastatic behavior in oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC).</p> Objective <p>To evaluate the diagnostic accuracy of stromal TILs in predicting clinical and pathological lymph node metastasis in OSCC.</p> Methods <p>Analytical cross-sectional study including 170 OSCC patients. Stromal TILs were quantified on H&amp;E sections and classified into high vs. low groups. Their association with clinical nodal staging and pathological nodal metastasis was studied. ROC analysis assessed predictive performance.</p> Results <p>Low stromal TILs were significantly associated with pathological nodal metastasis (<i>p</i> &lt; 0.001) and with clinical nodal positivity (<i>p</i> &lt; 0.001). Among clinically N0 patients, 76.9% of occult nodal metastasis occurred in low-TIL tumors. ROC analysis showed moderate accuracy overall (AUC 0.603) and better performance in N0 patients (AUC 0.676).</p> Conclusion <p>Stromal TILs are inversely associated with nodal metastasis in OSCC and may improve the accuracy of clinical nodal staging, especially in N0 disease.</p>

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Tumor Infiltrating Lymphocytes as a Determinant of Lymph Node Metastasis in Oral Squamous Cell Carcinoma

  • 期刊论文

  • 出版模式：

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  • 发表日期：

    2026年2月3日

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  • Aswin Arthik,
  • Nawaz Usman,
  • K. Rajgopal Shenoy,
  • Swathi C. Prabhu,
  • U. Manasa

摘要

Background

Tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes (TILs) represent the host immune response and may influence metastatic behavior in oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC).

Objective

To evaluate the diagnostic accuracy of stromal TILs in predicting clinical and pathological lymph node metastasis in OSCC.

Methods

Analytical cross-sectional study including 170 OSCC patients. Stromal TILs were quantified on H&E sections and classified into high vs. low groups. Their association with clinical nodal staging and pathological nodal metastasis was studied. ROC analysis assessed predictive performance.

Results

Low stromal TILs were significantly associated with pathological nodal metastasis (p < 0.001) and with clinical nodal positivity (p < 0.001). Among clinically N0 patients, 76.9% of occult nodal metastasis occurred in low-TIL tumors. ROC analysis showed moderate accuracy overall (AUC 0.603) and better performance in N0 patients (AUC 0.676).

Conclusion

Stromal TILs are inversely associated with nodal metastasis in OSCC and may improve the accuracy of clinical nodal staging, especially in N0 disease.