Purpose <p>Parotid fistula and sialocele are uncommon but clinically significant complications following oral cancer surgery, usually resulting from inadvertent injury to the parotid gland or duct during buccal mucosa resection, cheek flap elevation or neck dissection. These complications can lead to wound-related morbidity, prolonged hospitalization, and delays in adjuvant therapy.</p> Methods <p>A narrative review of the literature was conducted to analyze the etiopathogenesis, incidence, risk factors, clinical presentation, diagnostic approaches, preventive strategies, and management options for parotid fistula and sialocele following oral cancer surgery.</p> Results <p>Parotid fistula and sialocele typically present within 30 days postoperatively as salivary leakage beneath cheek flaps, persistent drain output, cheek swelling, or elevated salivary amylase levels. The reported incidence ranges from 4.3% to 27.3%. Diagnosis is primarily clinical and may be supported by aspiration and biochemical analysis. Conservative measures including pressure dressings, aspiration, dietary modification, anticholinergic agents, compression therapy, and botulinum toxin injection are effective in most cases, while surgical intervention is reserved for refractory cases.</p> Conclusion <p>Early recognition and timely conservative management of parotid fistula and sialocele can significantly reduce morbidity and prevent delays in oral cancer treatment.</p>