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Background <p>Oral submucous fibrosis (OSMF) is a potentially malignant disorder with a high risk of transformation into oral cancer (OC). This study evaluated p53 expression in OSMF and its correlation with clinical staging, histological grading, and habit-related factors.</p> Materials and methods <p>A total of 180 formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded samples were analyzed, including 60 OSMF, 60&#xa0;°C (positive controls), and 60 normal oral mucosa (NOM). Immunohistochemistry for p53 was performed using anti-human p53 (DO-7 clone).Data were analyzed using SPSS.</p> Results <p>p53 expression differed significantly among the groups, being higher in OSMF than NOM but lower than OC (χ² = 161.936, <i>p</i> &lt; 0.001). High expression was most frequent in patients consuming processed areca nut (51.3%), followed by those using pan, tobacco, and alcohol (46.2%). Habit type (χ² = 16.686, <i>p</i> = 0.034) and frequency (χ² = 21.535, <i>p</i> = 0.006) were significantly associated with p53 expression, though duration was not. Expression also correlated significantly with clinical stage (χ² = 57.491, <i>p</i> &lt; 0.001) and histological grade (χ² = 61.672, <i>p</i> &lt; 0.001).</p> Conclusion <p>p53 overexpression in OSMF is linked to habit-related risk factors and disease severity. Its association with clinical and histopathological progression highlights its potential as a predictive biomarker for early detection of malignant transformation.</p>

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Expression of p53 as Marker in Oral Submucous Fibrosis and its Correlation To Habits and Clinical and Histological Staging

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2026年1月5日

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  • K. A. Kamala,
  • S. Sankethguddad

摘要

Background

Oral submucous fibrosis (OSMF) is a potentially malignant disorder with a high risk of transformation into oral cancer (OC). This study evaluated p53 expression in OSMF and its correlation with clinical staging, histological grading, and habit-related factors.

Materials and methods

A total of 180 formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded samples were analyzed, including 60 OSMF, 60 °C (positive controls), and 60 normal oral mucosa (NOM). Immunohistochemistry for p53 was performed using anti-human p53 (DO-7 clone).Data were analyzed using SPSS.

Results

p53 expression differed significantly among the groups, being higher in OSMF than NOM but lower than OC (χ² = 161.936, p < 0.001). High expression was most frequent in patients consuming processed areca nut (51.3%), followed by those using pan, tobacco, and alcohol (46.2%). Habit type (χ² = 16.686, p = 0.034) and frequency (χ² = 21.535, p = 0.006) were significantly associated with p53 expression, though duration was not. Expression also correlated significantly with clinical stage (χ² = 57.491, p < 0.001) and histological grade (χ² = 61.672, p < 0.001).

Conclusion

p53 overexpression in OSMF is linked to habit-related risk factors and disease severity. Its association with clinical and histopathological progression highlights its potential as a predictive biomarker for early detection of malignant transformation.