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Background <p>Head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) is the sixth most common malignancy worldwide. Serum lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) levels are hypothesized to reflect tumor burden and disease progression in HNSCC patients.</p> Aim <p>To evaluate serum LDH levels across different clinical stages and histological grades of HNSCC.</p> Methods <p>A cross-sectional study was conducted at KVG Dental College and Hospital, Sullia, involving 45 HNSCC patients. Participants were categorized into three histological groups: well-differentiated squamous cell carcinoma (WDSCC), moderately differentiated squamous cell carcinoma (MDSCC), and poorly differentiated squamous cell carcinoma (PDSCC). Clinical staging was determined using the TNM classification. Venous blood samples were collected, and serum LDH levels were measured and statistically compared between groups.</p> Results <p>Serum LDH levels were significantly elevated in patients with PDSCC compared to those with WDSCC and MDSCC. A positive correlation was observed between LDH levels and advanced clinical stages, indicating progressive disease severity.</p> Conclusion <p>Serum LDH levels serve as a noninvasive and cost-effective biomarker for assessing tumor burden and disease progression in HNSCC. While not diagnostic in isolation, LDH levels can aid in evaluating malignancy severity, guiding treatment strategies, and predicting prognosis by providing insights into tumor biology and inflammatory processes.</p>

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Serum Lactate Dehydrogenase as a Diagnostic Marker for Head and Neck Squamous Cell Carcinoma: Assessing Clinical Stages and Histological Grades

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2025年1月13日

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  • Kumar Saket,
  • C. H. Mahabaleshwar,
  • D. Prasanna Kumar,
  • T. Satyajit

摘要

Background

Head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) is the sixth most common malignancy worldwide. Serum lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) levels are hypothesized to reflect tumor burden and disease progression in HNSCC patients.

Aim

To evaluate serum LDH levels across different clinical stages and histological grades of HNSCC.

Methods

A cross-sectional study was conducted at KVG Dental College and Hospital, Sullia, involving 45 HNSCC patients. Participants were categorized into three histological groups: well-differentiated squamous cell carcinoma (WDSCC), moderately differentiated squamous cell carcinoma (MDSCC), and poorly differentiated squamous cell carcinoma (PDSCC). Clinical staging was determined using the TNM classification. Venous blood samples were collected, and serum LDH levels were measured and statistically compared between groups.

Results

Serum LDH levels were significantly elevated in patients with PDSCC compared to those with WDSCC and MDSCC. A positive correlation was observed between LDH levels and advanced clinical stages, indicating progressive disease severity.

Conclusion

Serum LDH levels serve as a noninvasive and cost-effective biomarker for assessing tumor burden and disease progression in HNSCC. While not diagnostic in isolation, LDH levels can aid in evaluating malignancy severity, guiding treatment strategies, and predicting prognosis by providing insights into tumor biology and inflammatory processes.