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<p>The purpose of this study was to investigate the acute effects of different exhalation patterns—exhaling through the nose (EN), exhaling through the mouth (EM), and breath-holding after inhalation (BH) on power output during the bench press exercise in trained advanced exercisers, as well as the effect of one’s natural exhalation pattern in comparison to the alternative approaches tested. In all, 77&#xa0;participants (51&#xa0;males, 26&#xa0;females) underwent a&#xa0;bench press testing protocol to determine maximal power output (Pmax) and average power output (Pave) for each exhalation pattern in random order within a&#xa0;single set of repetitions repeated five times. Separate single factor repeated measures analysis of variance (ANOVA) and post hoc Bonferroni tests were applied to the data overall, by gender and then separately to advanced male and highly advanced male subgroups, revealing the following: BH and EM led to significantly higher Pmax and Pave compared to EN across all participants and in males. In advanced males Pmax was not significantly affected by exhalation pattern, while Pave was significantly increased by BH and EM. In highly advanced males, BH and EM significantly increased Pmax and while only EM significantly increased Pave. In females, BH and EM significantly increased Pmax with no significant effect of exhalation pattern on Pave. NBP, involving BH or EM, resulted in higher power outputs compared to unnatural patterns in the subjects overall and in males, with no significant effect in females. These findings suggest that breathing strategies during resistance exercises significantly impact performance, and BH or EM as NBPs may optimize power output.</p>

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Exhalation pattern can affect bench press power output in advanced weight trained exercisers

  • 期刊论文

  • 出版模式：

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  • 发表日期：

    2025年6月25日

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  • František Lörinczi,
  • George Dallam,
  • Drahomíra Lörincziová,
  • Miroslav Vavák

摘要

The purpose of this study was to investigate the acute effects of different exhalation patterns—exhaling through the nose (EN), exhaling through the mouth (EM), and breath-holding after inhalation (BH) on power output during the bench press exercise in trained advanced exercisers, as well as the effect of one’s natural exhalation pattern in comparison to the alternative approaches tested. In all, 77 participants (51 males, 26 females) underwent a bench press testing protocol to determine maximal power output (Pmax) and average power output (Pave) for each exhalation pattern in random order within a single set of repetitions repeated five times. Separate single factor repeated measures analysis of variance (ANOVA) and post hoc Bonferroni tests were applied to the data overall, by gender and then separately to advanced male and highly advanced male subgroups, revealing the following: BH and EM led to significantly higher Pmax and Pave compared to EN across all participants and in males. In advanced males Pmax was not significantly affected by exhalation pattern, while Pave was significantly increased by BH and EM. In highly advanced males, BH and EM significantly increased Pmax and while only EM significantly increased Pave. In females, BH and EM significantly increased Pmax with no significant effect of exhalation pattern on Pave. NBP, involving BH or EM, resulted in higher power outputs compared to unnatural patterns in the subjects overall and in males, with no significant effect in females. These findings suggest that breathing strategies during resistance exercises significantly impact performance, and BH or EM as NBPs may optimize power output.