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Abstract <p>Helium-filled soap bubbles (HFSB) have higher light scattering and comparable flow tracking ability with regard to widely used diethylhexyl sebacate (DEHS) particles, which can be a substitute for particle image velocimetry (PIV) and particle tracking velocimetry experiments. This study designs an orifice-type HFSB generator with helium passing through a bubble film solution (BFS) and being taken out by high-pressure air at the orifice. Using shadowgraphy and PIV techniques, the effects of air flow rate, helium flow rate, and BFS flow rate on the bubble regimes, size, and production rate are investigated. There are six regimes of bubble generation, i.e., monodisperse bubbling, monodisperse jetting, polydisperse jetting, polydisperse bubbling, merging, and satellite bubbling. The monodisperse bubbling is regarded as the optimal regime for its continuous generation with uniform size. Under the monodisperse bubbling condition, the generator produces an average of 30,000 bubbles per second, with bubble diameters in the range of 0.4−0.5 mm and a maximum generation rate of 47,000 bubbles per second. Verification is performed upon flow around a cylinder, and consistent results are obtained from measurements by HFSB and DEHS particles.</p> Graphical abstract <p></p>

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Design, validation, and wind tunnel tests of helium bubble generator for particle image velocimetry

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2026年3月29日

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  • Shengxian Cui,
  • Benxu Huang,
  • Runguang Fan,
  • Elias J. G. Arcondoulis,
  • Yannian Yang

摘要

Abstract

Helium-filled soap bubbles (HFSB) have higher light scattering and comparable flow tracking ability with regard to widely used diethylhexyl sebacate (DEHS) particles, which can be a substitute for particle image velocimetry (PIV) and particle tracking velocimetry experiments. This study designs an orifice-type HFSB generator with helium passing through a bubble film solution (BFS) and being taken out by high-pressure air at the orifice. Using shadowgraphy and PIV techniques, the effects of air flow rate, helium flow rate, and BFS flow rate on the bubble regimes, size, and production rate are investigated. There are six regimes of bubble generation, i.e., monodisperse bubbling, monodisperse jetting, polydisperse jetting, polydisperse bubbling, merging, and satellite bubbling. The monodisperse bubbling is regarded as the optimal regime for its continuous generation with uniform size. Under the monodisperse bubbling condition, the generator produces an average of 30,000 bubbles per second, with bubble diameters in the range of 0.4−0.5 mm and a maximum generation rate of 47,000 bubbles per second. Verification is performed upon flow around a cylinder, and consistent results are obtained from measurements by HFSB and DEHS particles.

Graphical abstract