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<p>Manure heavy metal (HM) contamination challenges sustainable agriculture. This study investigated the effects of a composite microbial inoculant (Effective Microorganisms, M1) and a single-strain inoculant (<i>Bacillus sp.</i>, M2) on dissolved organic matter (DOM) transformation and heavy metal passivation during chicken manure composting, with validation at an industrial scale. Results demonstrated that both inoculants, particularly M1, prolonged the thermophilic phase (M1: 20 days; M2: 16 days; CK: 11 days) and enhanced organic matter decomposition rate (M1 55.55%, M2 49.71%, CK 30.71%). Spectral analyses revealed that inoculation promoted the formation of stable, humified organic matter with increased aromaticity (aromatic C proportion: M1 52%, M2 48%, CK 18%), although it did not alter the types of functional groups. Crucially, inoculants enhanced HM immobilization; M1 achieved passivation rates of 43.7% for Cu, 40.4% for Zn, 53.4% for Cr, and 36.4% for Pb, and also mitigated the activation of Cd (passivation rate: −&#xa0;53.6% for M1 vs. −&#xa0;127.2% for CK). Industrial-scale trials confirmed the feasibility of both inoculants, with M1 proving most effective in improving compost maturity (GI &gt; 80%) and reducing HM bioavailability. This research provides a practical strategy for using microbial inoculants, especially composite consortia, to achieve safe and value-added recycling of HM-contaminated organic waste.</p>

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Microbial Inoculation for Mitigating Heavy Metal Contamination of Chicken Manure Composting: Validation From Experimental to Industrial Scale

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2026年8月4日

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  • Shihang Wu,
  • Dina Tursenjan,
  • Tao Sun,
  • Xiaojia Zhou,
  • Huijuan Yu,
  • Yuebing Sun

摘要

Manure heavy metal (HM) contamination challenges sustainable agriculture. This study investigated the effects of a composite microbial inoculant (Effective Microorganisms, M1) and a single-strain inoculant (Bacillus sp., M2) on dissolved organic matter (DOM) transformation and heavy metal passivation during chicken manure composting, with validation at an industrial scale. Results demonstrated that both inoculants, particularly M1, prolonged the thermophilic phase (M1: 20 days; M2: 16 days; CK: 11 days) and enhanced organic matter decomposition rate (M1 55.55%, M2 49.71%, CK 30.71%). Spectral analyses revealed that inoculation promoted the formation of stable, humified organic matter with increased aromaticity (aromatic C proportion: M1 52%, M2 48%, CK 18%), although it did not alter the types of functional groups. Crucially, inoculants enhanced HM immobilization; M1 achieved passivation rates of 43.7% for Cu, 40.4% for Zn, 53.4% for Cr, and 36.4% for Pb, and also mitigated the activation of Cd (passivation rate: − 53.6% for M1 vs. − 127.2% for CK). Industrial-scale trials confirmed the feasibility of both inoculants, with M1 proving most effective in improving compost maturity (GI > 80%) and reducing HM bioavailability. This research provides a practical strategy for using microbial inoculants, especially composite consortia, to achieve safe and value-added recycling of HM-contaminated organic waste.