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<p>This study investigates the effects of alkaline, ultrasonication, and combined alkaline-ultrasonication pretreatments on poultry slaughterhouse wastewater (PSWW) to enhance methane production during anaerobic digestion. The highest particulate COD solubilization was achieved under combined pretreatment at pH 11 with an ultrasonic energy input of 60&#xa0;kJ/g TS (26.88%), followed by alkaline pretreatment alone at pH 11 (12.88%) and ultrasonication alone at 60&#xa0;kJ/g TS (10.97%). However, increased solubilization did not result in higher methane yields. Ultrasonication alone produced the maximum methane yield (414&#xa0;mL CH<sub>4</sub>/g VS<sub>added</sub>), representing a 21.4% improvement over the control. Alkaline pretreatment increased methane yield by 0.87%, 6.45%, and 7.91% at pH 9, 10, and 11, respectively, with no substantial improvement beyond pH 10, likely due to inhibitory Maillard reaction product formation. Although combined pretreatments significantly improved COD removal (up to 80%), methane yields were consistently lower than the control, possibly due to the generation of refractory organics and the loss of readily biodegradable matter. Finally, Kinetic modelling confirmed that ultrasonication at 60&#xa0;kJ/g TS achieved the highest methane potential (<i>P</i> = 615.95 ± 81.89&#xa0;mL/g VS) and production rate (R = 48.89 ± 2.29&#xa0;mL/g VS.d), with a relatively short lag phase (λ = 2.74 ± 0.24&#xa0;days) compared to the control (λ = 2.91 ± 0.14&#xa0;days). Overall, ultrasonication achieved the highest methane production, while alkaline pretreatment was the most energy-efficient and economically favorable among all pretreatments.</p> Graphical Abstract <p></p>

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Enhancing anaerobic biodegradability of poultry slaughterhouse wastewater via alkaline and ultrasonication pretreatments: performance and energy balance

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2026年7月31日

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  • Madhu Sudan Reddy Atchala,
  • Polisetty Venkateswara Rao,
  • Sridhar Pilli

摘要

This study investigates the effects of alkaline, ultrasonication, and combined alkaline-ultrasonication pretreatments on poultry slaughterhouse wastewater (PSWW) to enhance methane production during anaerobic digestion. The highest particulate COD solubilization was achieved under combined pretreatment at pH 11 with an ultrasonic energy input of 60 kJ/g TS (26.88%), followed by alkaline pretreatment alone at pH 11 (12.88%) and ultrasonication alone at 60 kJ/g TS (10.97%). However, increased solubilization did not result in higher methane yields. Ultrasonication alone produced the maximum methane yield (414 mL CH4/g VSadded), representing a 21.4% improvement over the control. Alkaline pretreatment increased methane yield by 0.87%, 6.45%, and 7.91% at pH 9, 10, and 11, respectively, with no substantial improvement beyond pH 10, likely due to inhibitory Maillard reaction product formation. Although combined pretreatments significantly improved COD removal (up to 80%), methane yields were consistently lower than the control, possibly due to the generation of refractory organics and the loss of readily biodegradable matter. Finally, Kinetic modelling confirmed that ultrasonication at 60 kJ/g TS achieved the highest methane potential (P = 615.95 ± 81.89 mL/g VS) and production rate (R = 48.89 ± 2.29 mL/g VS.d), with a relatively short lag phase (λ = 2.74 ± 0.24 days) compared to the control (λ = 2.91 ± 0.14 days). Overall, ultrasonication achieved the highest methane production, while alkaline pretreatment was the most energy-efficient and economically favorable among all pretreatments.

Graphical Abstract