Scholarlink

<p>The increasing volume of fruit byproducts presents both an environmental challenge and a valuable opportunity for resource recovery. In tropical countries, large-scale cultivation of fruits such as papaya, pineapple, mango, banana, jackfruit, and guava generates significant quantities of underutilized byproducts including peels, seeds, stems, and leaves rich in bioactive compounds. Proteolytic enzymes particularly proteases extracted from these undervalued materials show promise in wound management, particularly for enzymatic debridement of chronic wounds like diabetic foot ulcers. This review compares both conventional and green extraction methods, including dry/wet extraction and natural deep eutectic solvent (NaDES)-based techniques, emphasizing their impact on enzyme yield and activity. Advanced purification strategies such as precipitation, dialysis, and chromatography are highlighted for improving enzyme purity and stability. Integration of NaDES with ultrasound, microwave, or enzyme-assisted extraction enhances recovery while preserving bioactivity. Protein identification, crucial for understanding debridement mechanisms, is discussed through SDS-PAGE and LC–MS/MS approaches. Focus is given to well-known plant proteases such as papain and bromelain, with comparative insights into enzymatic versus traditional debridement methods. Enzymatic approaches show potential for accelerating slough removal and bacterial biofilm disruption, thereby improving wound healing outcomes. While widely studied fruits show clinical promise, many tropical fruit byproducts remain untapped. Challenges include maintaining enzyme stability in wound environments. Future work should explore nano-encapsulation, bioengineered formulations, and hydrogel-based delivery systems to enhance therapeutic efficacy. This review highlights tropical fruit byproducts could serve as a sustainable, low-cost source of proteases for chronic wound care.</p> Graphical Abstract <p></p>

错误：搜索内容不能为空，请输入英文关键词
错误：关键词超出字数限制，请精简
高级检索

Proteases from Untapped Tropical Fruit Byproducts: Advances in Conventional and NaDES-Based Extraction, Purification, and Characterization for Sustainable Enzymatic Wound Debridement

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2026年7月2日

查看全文
  • Nur Aqilah Ismail,
  • Mohamad Shazeli Che Zain

摘要

The increasing volume of fruit byproducts presents both an environmental challenge and a valuable opportunity for resource recovery. In tropical countries, large-scale cultivation of fruits such as papaya, pineapple, mango, banana, jackfruit, and guava generates significant quantities of underutilized byproducts including peels, seeds, stems, and leaves rich in bioactive compounds. Proteolytic enzymes particularly proteases extracted from these undervalued materials show promise in wound management, particularly for enzymatic debridement of chronic wounds like diabetic foot ulcers. This review compares both conventional and green extraction methods, including dry/wet extraction and natural deep eutectic solvent (NaDES)-based techniques, emphasizing their impact on enzyme yield and activity. Advanced purification strategies such as precipitation, dialysis, and chromatography are highlighted for improving enzyme purity and stability. Integration of NaDES with ultrasound, microwave, or enzyme-assisted extraction enhances recovery while preserving bioactivity. Protein identification, crucial for understanding debridement mechanisms, is discussed through SDS-PAGE and LC–MS/MS approaches. Focus is given to well-known plant proteases such as papain and bromelain, with comparative insights into enzymatic versus traditional debridement methods. Enzymatic approaches show potential for accelerating slough removal and bacterial biofilm disruption, thereby improving wound healing outcomes. While widely studied fruits show clinical promise, many tropical fruit byproducts remain untapped. Challenges include maintaining enzyme stability in wound environments. Future work should explore nano-encapsulation, bioengineered formulations, and hydrogel-based delivery systems to enhance therapeutic efficacy. This review highlights tropical fruit byproducts could serve as a sustainable, low-cost source of proteases for chronic wound care.

Graphical Abstract