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Purpose <p>Wild olive leaves (<i>Olea europaea</i> L. var. <i>sylvestris</i>), an often-overlooked wild plant resource of olive-growing regions, represent a promising source of bioactive polyphenolic compounds with significant therapeutic potential. This study aimed to valorize oleaster leaves through the evaluation of their antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activities using both in vitro and in vivo approaches.</p> Methods <p>Aqueous and alcoholic extracts were prepared from oleaster leaves. Phenolics were assessed using colorimetric methods, and the phenolic profile was analyzed using HPLC. The antioxidant activity of the crude extracts was assessed using four single electron transfer (SET)-based methods and a hydrogen atom transfer (HAT)-based method. Both in vitro and in vivo anti-inflammatory activities were carried out using LPS-activated RAW 264.7 macrophages and acute carrageenan-induced rat paw edema, respectively.</p> Results <p>Aqueous and methanolic extracts were found to be rich in polyphenols, with oleuropein identified as the major compound in the aqueous extract. Antioxidant assays (FRAP and TAC) revealed that the aqueous extract exhibited stronger antioxidant capacity. In terms of anti-inflammatory properties, both extracts significantly inhibited nitric oxide, IL-6, and TNF-α production in LPS-stimulated RAW 264.7 macrophages, and effectively attenuated carrageenan-induced paw edema in rats.</p> Conclusion <p>These findings highlight the potential of wild olive leaves as a valuable local plant resource, opening new perspectives for the development of natural nutraceutical or pharmaceutical formulations based on their bioactive compounds.</p> Statement of Novelty <p>This study is the first to comprehensively investigate the antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties of oleaster leaf extracts using both in vitro and in vivo models. It uniquely correlates their high polyphenols content, especially oleuropein with significant bioactivity, demonstrating potent modulation of inflammatory mediators and oxidative stress. These findings establish oleaster leaves as a novel underutilized bioresource with promising applications in pharmaceutical and nutraceutical development.</p> Graphical Abstract <p></p>

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Sustainable Valorization of Wild Olive Tree (Olea europaea L. var. sylvestris) Leaves from Western Algeria for the Recovery of Bioactive Compounds with Antioxidant and Anti-inflammatory Activities

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2026年7月10日

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  • Meriem Benameur,
  • Meriem Belarbi,
  • Wafâa Tehami,
  • Chahrazed Belarbi,
  • Souad Senhadji,
  • Amira Sayed Khan,
  • Aziz Hichami,
  • Nabila Hamidi,
  • Abdelhafid Nani

摘要

Purpose

Wild olive leaves (Olea europaea L. var. sylvestris), an often-overlooked wild plant resource of olive-growing regions, represent a promising source of bioactive polyphenolic compounds with significant therapeutic potential. This study aimed to valorize oleaster leaves through the evaluation of their antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activities using both in vitro and in vivo approaches.

Methods

Aqueous and alcoholic extracts were prepared from oleaster leaves. Phenolics were assessed using colorimetric methods, and the phenolic profile was analyzed using HPLC. The antioxidant activity of the crude extracts was assessed using four single electron transfer (SET)-based methods and a hydrogen atom transfer (HAT)-based method. Both in vitro and in vivo anti-inflammatory activities were carried out using LPS-activated RAW 264.7 macrophages and acute carrageenan-induced rat paw edema, respectively.

Results

Aqueous and methanolic extracts were found to be rich in polyphenols, with oleuropein identified as the major compound in the aqueous extract. Antioxidant assays (FRAP and TAC) revealed that the aqueous extract exhibited stronger antioxidant capacity. In terms of anti-inflammatory properties, both extracts significantly inhibited nitric oxide, IL-6, and TNF-α production in LPS-stimulated RAW 264.7 macrophages, and effectively attenuated carrageenan-induced paw edema in rats.

Conclusion

These findings highlight the potential of wild olive leaves as a valuable local plant resource, opening new perspectives for the development of natural nutraceutical or pharmaceutical formulations based on their bioactive compounds.

Statement of Novelty

This study is the first to comprehensively investigate the antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties of oleaster leaf extracts using both in vitro and in vivo models. It uniquely correlates their high polyphenols content, especially oleuropein with significant bioactivity, demonstrating potent modulation of inflammatory mediators and oxidative stress. These findings establish oleaster leaves as a novel underutilized bioresource with promising applications in pharmaceutical and nutraceutical development.

Graphical Abstract