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<p>This study explores the valorization of olive leaves, a significant agricultural by-product, as a source of high-value bioactive compounds for modulating oxidative stress associated with Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD). Oleuropein was recovered via hydrothermal treatment, while hydroxytyrosol was obtained through acid hydrolysis and liquid–liquid extraction. The olive leaf biomass yielded a high total polyphenol content (13.57% ± 0.14), with oleuropein and hydroxytyrosol demonstrating potent antioxidant activity (IC<sub>50</sub> of 6 and 9&#xa0;µg/mL, respectively). When tested in vitro on erythrocyte membranes from children with ADHD, which exhibited a baseline state of oxidative imbalance, both treatments significantly improved the oxidative profile (<i>p</i> &lt; 0.001). Oleuropein treatment enhanced antioxidant capacity (Ferric Reducing Antioxidant Power FRAP: 579.80&#xa0;µmol/L; Catalase: 102.33&#xa0;µmol/L) and reduced protein oxidation (Advanced Oxidation Protein Products AOPP: 9.53&#xa0;µmol/L). Similarly, hydroxytyrosol demonstrated strong protective effects, achieving a superior reduction in AOPP levels (7.53&#xa0;µmol/L). These findings confirm that olive leaf extracts effectively strengthen antioxidant defenses and mitigate oxidative damage in this cellular model. This research highlights the potential of upcycling olive biomass into high-value adjuvant strategies for managing systemic oxidative stress in neuropsychiatric disorders, specifically ADHD.</p> Graphical abstract <p></p>

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Olea europaea Leaf Extracts for Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorders Therapy: Modulating Oxidative Stress Biomarkers and Enhancing Antioxidant Potential

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2026年5月30日

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  • Ameni Ktata,
  • Wassim Guidara,
  • Sajeya Ellouze,
  • Ameni Feki,
  • Rihab Makhlouf,
  • Hela Jmal,
  • Mohamed Bouaziz,
  • Fatma Makni Ayadi

摘要

This study explores the valorization of olive leaves, a significant agricultural by-product, as a source of high-value bioactive compounds for modulating oxidative stress associated with Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD). Oleuropein was recovered via hydrothermal treatment, while hydroxytyrosol was obtained through acid hydrolysis and liquid–liquid extraction. The olive leaf biomass yielded a high total polyphenol content (13.57% ± 0.14), with oleuropein and hydroxytyrosol demonstrating potent antioxidant activity (IC50 of 6 and 9 µg/mL, respectively). When tested in vitro on erythrocyte membranes from children with ADHD, which exhibited a baseline state of oxidative imbalance, both treatments significantly improved the oxidative profile (p < 0.001). Oleuropein treatment enhanced antioxidant capacity (Ferric Reducing Antioxidant Power FRAP: 579.80 µmol/L; Catalase: 102.33 µmol/L) and reduced protein oxidation (Advanced Oxidation Protein Products AOPP: 9.53 µmol/L). Similarly, hydroxytyrosol demonstrated strong protective effects, achieving a superior reduction in AOPP levels (7.53 µmol/L). These findings confirm that olive leaf extracts effectively strengthen antioxidant defenses and mitigate oxidative damage in this cellular model. This research highlights the potential of upcycling olive biomass into high-value adjuvant strategies for managing systemic oxidative stress in neuropsychiatric disorders, specifically ADHD.

Graphical abstract