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<p>The sustainable management of sewage sludge is a critical global challenge. This study developed a novel technology to convert sewage sludge into a high-value composite fertilizer using a specialized High-Activity Fermentation Microbes (HAFM) consortium of&#xa0;<i>Lactobacillus plantarum</i>, <i>Bacillus subtilis</i>, and <i>Pseudomonas fluorescens</i>. The strains exhibited strong synergistic antagonism against pathogens like <i>Escherichia coli</i> and <i>Salmonella</i> <i>Typhimurium</i>. Solid-state fermentation for consortium production was optimized, achieving a high cell density of 6.5 × 10<sup>9</sup> CFU/g. Application of this consortium to sewage sludge at 0.5–1.0% (w/w) resulted in a 50% reduction in pathogenic and indigenous spoilage microorganisms within 15&#xa0;days; however, complete pathogen elimination was not achieved, which remains a major limitation of this study. These preliminary results suggest that the HAFM technology may contribute to transforming sewage sludge into a more stable and nutrient-enhanced material with reduced pathogen load and odor, but further long-term studies on emerging contaminants, and field-scale biosafety are required before it can be confirmed as a safe organic fertilizer for sustainable agriculture.</p> Graphical Abstract <p></p>

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Establishment of a Composite Fertilizer Production Technology from Sewage Sludge Using High-Activity Fermentation Microbes

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2026年5月16日

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  • Ryong Chol Son,
  • Gyong Min Jong,
  • Myong Song Kim,
  • Song Ho Kim,
  • Bong Hui Choe

摘要

The sustainable management of sewage sludge is a critical global challenge. This study developed a novel technology to convert sewage sludge into a high-value composite fertilizer using a specialized High-Activity Fermentation Microbes (HAFM) consortium of Lactobacillus plantarum, Bacillus subtilis, and Pseudomonas fluorescens. The strains exhibited strong synergistic antagonism against pathogens like Escherichia coli and Salmonella Typhimurium. Solid-state fermentation for consortium production was optimized, achieving a high cell density of 6.5 × 109 CFU/g. Application of this consortium to sewage sludge at 0.5–1.0% (w/w) resulted in a 50% reduction in pathogenic and indigenous spoilage microorganisms within 15 days; however, complete pathogen elimination was not achieved, which remains a major limitation of this study. These preliminary results suggest that the HAFM technology may contribute to transforming sewage sludge into a more stable and nutrient-enhanced material with reduced pathogen load and odor, but further long-term studies on emerging contaminants, and field-scale biosafety are required before it can be confirmed as a safe organic fertilizer for sustainable agriculture.

Graphical Abstract