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<p>Algae are increasingly recognized as valuable nutritional supplements due to their high protein content and diverse bioactive compounds exhibiting antimicrobial, antioxidant, and anti-inflammatory properties. In recent years, their application in aquaculture has gained considerable commercial relevance, largely driven by the rising cost, limited availability, and environmental concerns associated with conventional fish feed ingredients. This review comprehensively evaluates the nutritional composition, bioactive profiles, and functional properties of various micro- and macroalgal species with proven relevance to aquaculture. Emphasis is placed on identifying effective dietary inclusion levels and highlighting algal candidates that enhance growth performance, feed efficiency, and overall physiological fitness of cultured aquatic species. Dietary incorporation of algae has been shown to modulate key metabolic pathways, improve immune competence, enhance stress tolerance, and support gut health through alterations in digestive enzyme activity and intestinal microbiota. The contribution of algal-derived bioactives, including β-glucans, carotenoids, polyunsaturated fatty acids, and polysaccharides, to fish health is critically discussed, along with commonly employed extraction and processing strategies. In addition, the review explores the emerging role of omics-based approaches—encompassing genomics, transcriptomics, proteomics, and metabolomics—in elucidating the molecular mechanisms underlying algal–host interactions. These tools offer systems-level insights into immune regulation, metabolic reprogramming, and host–microbiome dynamics in response to algal diets. Scientometric analysis identified 14,222 publications (100%) on “algal biomass” and “fish feed,” but only 943 (6.63%) included “omics,” indicating that 93.37% lack omics integration, highlighting a substantial molecular-level research gap. This review highlights algae as promising, multifunctional feed ingredients capable of improving nutritional strategies while reducing dependence on conventional feed resources. Advancing multi-omics research in this area will be critical for optimizing algal applications and promoting sustainable, resilient aquaculture systems.</p> Graphical Abstract <p></p>

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Sustainable Valorization of Algal Biomass in Fish Nutrition and Dietetics: A Critical Review and Scientometric Study

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2026年4月19日

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  • Sourav Chattaraj,
  • Arindam Ganguly,
  • Debasis Mitra,
  • Hrudayanath Thatoi,
  • Pradeep K. Das Mohapatra

摘要

Algae are increasingly recognized as valuable nutritional supplements due to their high protein content and diverse bioactive compounds exhibiting antimicrobial, antioxidant, and anti-inflammatory properties. In recent years, their application in aquaculture has gained considerable commercial relevance, largely driven by the rising cost, limited availability, and environmental concerns associated with conventional fish feed ingredients. This review comprehensively evaluates the nutritional composition, bioactive profiles, and functional properties of various micro- and macroalgal species with proven relevance to aquaculture. Emphasis is placed on identifying effective dietary inclusion levels and highlighting algal candidates that enhance growth performance, feed efficiency, and overall physiological fitness of cultured aquatic species. Dietary incorporation of algae has been shown to modulate key metabolic pathways, improve immune competence, enhance stress tolerance, and support gut health through alterations in digestive enzyme activity and intestinal microbiota. The contribution of algal-derived bioactives, including β-glucans, carotenoids, polyunsaturated fatty acids, and polysaccharides, to fish health is critically discussed, along with commonly employed extraction and processing strategies. In addition, the review explores the emerging role of omics-based approaches—encompassing genomics, transcriptomics, proteomics, and metabolomics—in elucidating the molecular mechanisms underlying algal–host interactions. These tools offer systems-level insights into immune regulation, metabolic reprogramming, and host–microbiome dynamics in response to algal diets. Scientometric analysis identified 14,222 publications (100%) on “algal biomass” and “fish feed,” but only 943 (6.63%) included “omics,” indicating that 93.37% lack omics integration, highlighting a substantial molecular-level research gap. This review highlights algae as promising, multifunctional feed ingredients capable of improving nutritional strategies while reducing dependence on conventional feed resources. Advancing multi-omics research in this area will be critical for optimizing algal applications and promoting sustainable, resilient aquaculture systems.

Graphical Abstract