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<p>The adoption of liquid inoculants in agriculture is increasing, driving the need for cost-effective and stable formulations.&#xa0;These inoculants are formulated using various types of micro-organisms and amendments, among which agricultural waste is a significant asset for biofertilizer production, as it enhances microbial viability and helps in moisture retention.&#xa0;This study introduces a novel strategy by valorizing agricultural waste–corn cob (CP), sugarcane bagasse (SB), and eggshell powder (EP)–as sustainable core components, combined with&#xa0;emulsifiers, thickeners, and protective agents, to formulate plant growth-promoting rhizobacteria (PGPR) liquid inoculants. Six PGPR strains were screened for compatibility and plant growth-promoting traits (phosphate/zinc solubilization, siderophore, and IAA production). A consortium of all six compatible strains demonstrated superior activity and was used to formulate two inoculant types: nutrient broth-based (NB-50%, 75%, 100%) and water–oil based. These were stored at 4&#xa0;°C, 28&#xa0;°C, and 40&#xa0;°C for efficiency comparison. After 8&#xa0;months of storage, the formulation F16, which uniquely combined agricultural wastes with carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC) and protective additives, retained the highest viable cell count, while the formulations lacking these substrates exhibited the lowest cell population. Overall, NB-based formulations supported higher final cell counts and stable&#xa0;pH than water–oil based formulations, though with greater fluctuation. Storage at 4&#xa0;°C ensured the greatest stability followed by 28&#xa0;°C and 40&#xa0;°C. Among nutrient broth formulations, NB-75% had the best survival rates, followed by NB-100% and NB-50%. Thus, this work presents a novel, waste-based strategy for producing stable PGPR liquid inoculants, offering the dual benefit of sustainable waste management and enhanced soil productivity.</p> Graphical Abstract <p></p>

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Development of PGPR Based Liquid Inoculants using Agricultural Waste Products

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2026年2月25日

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  • Kuchipudi Sravanthi,
  • Samala Manoj Kumar,
  • Aman Jaiswal

摘要

The adoption of liquid inoculants in agriculture is increasing, driving the need for cost-effective and stable formulations. These inoculants are formulated using various types of micro-organisms and amendments, among which agricultural waste is a significant asset for biofertilizer production, as it enhances microbial viability and helps in moisture retention. This study introduces a novel strategy by valorizing agricultural waste–corn cob (CP), sugarcane bagasse (SB), and eggshell powder (EP)–as sustainable core components, combined with emulsifiers, thickeners, and protective agents, to formulate plant growth-promoting rhizobacteria (PGPR) liquid inoculants. Six PGPR strains were screened for compatibility and plant growth-promoting traits (phosphate/zinc solubilization, siderophore, and IAA production). A consortium of all six compatible strains demonstrated superior activity and was used to formulate two inoculant types: nutrient broth-based (NB-50%, 75%, 100%) and water–oil based. These were stored at 4 °C, 28 °C, and 40 °C for efficiency comparison. After 8 months of storage, the formulation F16, which uniquely combined agricultural wastes with carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC) and protective additives, retained the highest viable cell count, while the formulations lacking these substrates exhibited the lowest cell population. Overall, NB-based formulations supported higher final cell counts and stable pH than water–oil based formulations, though with greater fluctuation. Storage at 4 °C ensured the greatest stability followed by 28 °C and 40 °C. Among nutrient broth formulations, NB-75% had the best survival rates, followed by NB-100% and NB-50%. Thus, this work presents a novel, waste-based strategy for producing stable PGPR liquid inoculants, offering the dual benefit of sustainable waste management and enhanced soil productivity.

Graphical Abstract