Green Hydrothermal Synthesis and Photocatalytic Assessment of Ca and Ba Co-Doped Zn₂SnO₄ Nanoparticles

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发表日期：

2026年2月3日

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P. Selvaprakash,
V. Vijayalakshmi,
B. Faizur Rahman,
G. Kamesh Gandhi,
A. Arulraj

摘要

Zn₂SnO₄, Ca@Zn₂SnO₄, Ba@Zn₂SnO₄, and Ca@Ba@Zn₂SnO₄ nanoparticles were successfully synthesized using an eco-friendly hydrothermal approach. X-ray diffraction analysis confirmed the formation of highly crystalline Zn₂SnO₄ nanoparticles with a cubic spinel structure. Optical properties were investigated through UV–Vis spectroscopy, revealing bandgap energies of 3.52 eV, 3.45 eV, 3.40 eV, and 3.00 eV for Pristine Zn₂SnO₄, Ca@Zn₂SnO₄, Ba@Zn₂SnO₄ and Ca@Ba@Zn₂SnO₄, respectively. The photocatalytic activity was assessed by monitoring the degradation of MB dye under visible light irradiation. Among the synthesized samples, Ca@Ba@Zn₂SnO₄ nanoparticles demonstrated the highest photocatalytic efficiency, achieving 96.23% degradation after 100 min, whereas Pristine Zn₂SnO₄ exhibited a degradation efficiency of 73.5%. The enhanced photocatalytic performance is attributed to efficient charge separation and the generation of hydroxyl radicals, which play a crucial role in the degradation process. These findings indicate that Ca@Zn₂SnO₄ nanoparticles synthesized via a green hydrothermal route hold great potential for photocatalytic applications in environmental remediation.

Graphical Abstract

Green Hydrothermal Synthesis and Photocatalytic Assessment of Ca and Ba Co-Doped Zn2SnO4 Nanoparticles

摘要

Green Hydrothermal Synthesis and Photocatalytic Assessment of Ca and Ba Co-Doped Zn₂SnO₄ Nanoparticles