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Purpose <p>In extracting ferulic acid (FA) from wheat bran, a concentrated alkali hydroxide solution is typically used to hydrolyze ester bonds. However, difficulties in handling concentrated chemicals and environmental concerns arising from post-treatment limit this extraction process.</p> Methods <p>Wheat bran hydrolysis using a basic catalyst, calcium hydroxide [Ca(OH)<sub>2</sub>] or magnesium oxide (MgO), was used to extract FA. The FA extraction efficiency and acid requirements for neutralizing the hydrolysates were compared to those of the conventional wheat bran hydrolysis method using sodium hydroxide.</p> Results <p>The Ca(OH)<sub>2</sub>- or MgO-catalyzed hydrolysis yielded 2.84–3.56&#xa0;mg of FA from g of wheat bran, which was comparable with the NaOH treatment yield (3.75&#xa0;mg/g). The Ca(OH)<sub>2</sub>- and MgO-treated hydrolysates exhibited low viscosity (3–4&#xa0;mm<sup>2</sup>/s) and high FA selectivity (59.4–61.7%) due to the concomitant lack of long-chain fatty acids in contrast to the NaOH-treated hydrolysate with higher viscosity (302&#xa0;mm<sup>2</sup>/s) and lower FA selectivity (8.8%). In addition, the Ca(OH)<sub>2</sub> and MgO treatments retained a higher holocellulose fraction in the residues than the NaOH treatment, thereby enabling the recovery of polysaccharides for further use in other applications. The Ca(OH)<sub>2</sub>- and MgO-treated hydrolysates required less acid for neutralization; thus, the non-neutralized ferulate-containing hydrolysates were directly added to the medium for biological conversion. Vanillate production using an engineered <i>Pseudomonas putida</i> KT2440-based strain was feasible in a medium containing 30%(v/v) of hydrolysates without neutralization.</p> Conclusion <p>This study provides a selective and environmentally friendly method for recovering FA and producing a platform chemical from wheat bran.</p> Graphical Abstract <p></p>

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Calcium Hydroxide and Magnesium Oxide are Beneficial Bases for Selective Recovery of Ferulic Acid and Vanillic Acid Production from Wheat Bran

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2026年2月2日

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  • Irwan Kurnia,
  • Akihiro Yoshida,
  • Yudai Higuchi,
  • Kazuya Isobe,
  • Tomonori Sonoki

摘要

Purpose

In extracting ferulic acid (FA) from wheat bran, a concentrated alkali hydroxide solution is typically used to hydrolyze ester bonds. However, difficulties in handling concentrated chemicals and environmental concerns arising from post-treatment limit this extraction process.

Methods

Wheat bran hydrolysis using a basic catalyst, calcium hydroxide [Ca(OH)2] or magnesium oxide (MgO), was used to extract FA. The FA extraction efficiency and acid requirements for neutralizing the hydrolysates were compared to those of the conventional wheat bran hydrolysis method using sodium hydroxide.

Results

The Ca(OH)2- or MgO-catalyzed hydrolysis yielded 2.84–3.56 mg of FA from g of wheat bran, which was comparable with the NaOH treatment yield (3.75 mg/g). The Ca(OH)2- and MgO-treated hydrolysates exhibited low viscosity (3–4 mm2/s) and high FA selectivity (59.4–61.7%) due to the concomitant lack of long-chain fatty acids in contrast to the NaOH-treated hydrolysate with higher viscosity (302 mm2/s) and lower FA selectivity (8.8%). In addition, the Ca(OH)2 and MgO treatments retained a higher holocellulose fraction in the residues than the NaOH treatment, thereby enabling the recovery of polysaccharides for further use in other applications. The Ca(OH)2- and MgO-treated hydrolysates required less acid for neutralization; thus, the non-neutralized ferulate-containing hydrolysates were directly added to the medium for biological conversion. Vanillate production using an engineered Pseudomonas putida KT2440-based strain was feasible in a medium containing 30%(v/v) of hydrolysates without neutralization.

Conclusion

This study provides a selective and environmentally friendly method for recovering FA and producing a platform chemical from wheat bran.

Graphical Abstract