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<p>In the context of global sustainable development, the efficient and environmentally friendly utilization of agricultural by-products has emerged as a critical research focus. Apple seeds, a major by-product of apple processing, are typically discarded despite their high oil content and significant value-added potential. This study aimed to optimize the extraction process of apple seed oil by solid–liquid extraction, ultrasonic-assisted extraction, and ultrasonic-assisted enzymatic extraction to simultaneously improve oil yield and ensure environmental sustainability. Through orthogonal experiments, ultrasonic-assisted enzymatic extraction achieved a 23.27% yield, while a novel semi-bionic method using green solvent dimethyl carbonate further increased it to 25.90%. Comprehensive characterization of the extracted oil was performed via different physicochemical property analyses. These analyses confirmed that the optimized extraction processes preserved the oil quality, and the fatty acid profile of apple seed oil was dominated by linoleic acid, oleic acid, and palmitic acid, with unsaturated fatty acids accounting for over 80% of the total composition. Collectively, the findings showed that apple seed oil demonstrated high quality and potential for nutritional and biofuel applications, supporting sustainable development.</p>

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Optimization of Apple Seed Oil Extraction Process Using Ultrasound-Assisted Enzymatic and Semi-bionic Methods with Sustainable Solvents

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2025年12月18日

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  • Lu Wang,
  • Hanyue Wang,
  • Jianhua Fan,
  • Jinshi Chen,
  • Zhiwu Han

摘要

In the context of global sustainable development, the efficient and environmentally friendly utilization of agricultural by-products has emerged as a critical research focus. Apple seeds, a major by-product of apple processing, are typically discarded despite their high oil content and significant value-added potential. This study aimed to optimize the extraction process of apple seed oil by solid–liquid extraction, ultrasonic-assisted extraction, and ultrasonic-assisted enzymatic extraction to simultaneously improve oil yield and ensure environmental sustainability. Through orthogonal experiments, ultrasonic-assisted enzymatic extraction achieved a 23.27% yield, while a novel semi-bionic method using green solvent dimethyl carbonate further increased it to 25.90%. Comprehensive characterization of the extracted oil was performed via different physicochemical property analyses. These analyses confirmed that the optimized extraction processes preserved the oil quality, and the fatty acid profile of apple seed oil was dominated by linoleic acid, oleic acid, and palmitic acid, with unsaturated fatty acids accounting for over 80% of the total composition. Collectively, the findings showed that apple seed oil demonstrated high quality and potential for nutritional and biofuel applications, supporting sustainable development.