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<p>Sunflower oil refining sludge, a by-product of sunflower oil production, was investigated as a potential source of unsaturated fatty acids (UFAs). Urea encapsulation method was optimized to obtain unsaturated fatty acid methyl esters (UFAMEs). The results demonstrated that the ideal urea encapsulation conditions for UFAMEs extraction were encapsulation for 16&#xa0;h with a 4:5:20 mass ratio of urea: fatty acids: methanol. Oleic and linoleic acids made up the majority of the UFAMEs, with a 97% degree of unsaturation. Highly hydrophobic starch esters were synthesized via TBD (1,5,7-triazabicyclo[4.4.0]dec-5-ene)-catalyzed transesterification in anhydrous DMSO, achieving a 0.11–0.15 degree of substitution (DS) across four starch types. This solvent-free method enabled &gt; 90% esterification efficiency under nitrogen protection at 115&#xa0;°C for 16&#xa0;h. This study proposed an integrated biorefinery approach to transform sunflower oil refining sludge into high-performance hydrophobic starch esters. Through optimized urea encapsulation (16&#xa0;h, 4:5:20 urea/FAMEs/methanol ratio), we achieved 97% unsaturated fatty acid methyl esters (UFAMEs) recovery, dominated by linoleic acid (76.36%). Subsequent TBD-catalyzed transesterification yielded starch esters with unprecedented hydrophobicity (143.07° contact angle), enabled by the unique fatty acid profile of sludge-derived UFAMEs. This work establishes a new system for valorizing oil refinery byproducts while advancing sustainable material design.</p>

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Synthesis of Hydrophobic Starch Esters with Unsaturated Fatty Acids from Sunflower Oil Refining Sludge

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2025年11月11日

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  • Hui-Xian Guo,
  • Jia-Ju Zhao,
  • Xin-Yu Liu,
  • Qing-Qing Peng,
  • Xue-Ying Liu,
  • Xiao-Shuang Cai,
  • Hua-Min Liu,
  • Xue-De Wang,
  • Li-Xia Hou

摘要

Sunflower oil refining sludge, a by-product of sunflower oil production, was investigated as a potential source of unsaturated fatty acids (UFAs). Urea encapsulation method was optimized to obtain unsaturated fatty acid methyl esters (UFAMEs). The results demonstrated that the ideal urea encapsulation conditions for UFAMEs extraction were encapsulation for 16 h with a 4:5:20 mass ratio of urea: fatty acids: methanol. Oleic and linoleic acids made up the majority of the UFAMEs, with a 97% degree of unsaturation. Highly hydrophobic starch esters were synthesized via TBD (1,5,7-triazabicyclo[4.4.0]dec-5-ene)-catalyzed transesterification in anhydrous DMSO, achieving a 0.11–0.15 degree of substitution (DS) across four starch types. This solvent-free method enabled > 90% esterification efficiency under nitrogen protection at 115 °C for 16 h. This study proposed an integrated biorefinery approach to transform sunflower oil refining sludge into high-performance hydrophobic starch esters. Through optimized urea encapsulation (16 h, 4:5:20 urea/FAMEs/methanol ratio), we achieved 97% unsaturated fatty acid methyl esters (UFAMEs) recovery, dominated by linoleic acid (76.36%). Subsequent TBD-catalyzed transesterification yielded starch esters with unprecedented hydrophobicity (143.07° contact angle), enabled by the unique fatty acid profile of sludge-derived UFAMEs. This work establishes a new system for valorizing oil refinery byproducts while advancing sustainable material design.