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<p>Despite the nutrient-rich composition of food production by-products, such as soybean curd residue (SCR), their utilization remains significantly limited. In light of the increasing demand for food and the necessity for sustainable resource management, the bioconversion of these by-products using black soldier fly larvae (BSFL) presents a promising solution. However, the high moisture and lignocellulose contents in SCR pose significant challenges to its efficient utilization by BSFL. Here, we investigated the effect of a co-addition strategy of bulking agent and carbohydrate, i.e., peanut hull powder (PHP) and corn flour (CF), on BSFL bioconversion of SCR. Four treatments, pure SCR (S1), SCR with added PHP (S2), SCR with a 4:1 ratio of PHP to CF (S3), and SCR with a 3:2 ratio of PHP to CF (S4), were designed. The co-addition strategy promoted BSFL bioconversion efficiency of SCR, and S3 was the relatively optimal formulation. It encouraged BSFL bioconversion efficacy, leading to increases in bioconversion rate (13.9%), waste reduction rate (70.6%), and efficiency of conversion of digested feed (23.1%). Larval growth and biomass quality were also improved, with increased lauric acid and essential amino acids. Meanwhile, the substrate physicochemical properties were changed, especially lowering water content from 72% to 53%. The loosened structure of soybean seed coat cells facilitated the utilization efficiency of degradable macronutrients in SCR. The increased activities of enzymes, especially dehydrogenase, promoted carbohydrate decomposition. 16&#xa0;S rRNA sequencing revealed changes in microbial diversity and structure in both substrate and gut, with beneficial key genera enriched. By Spearman correlation analysis, BSFL-recruited specific bacteria promoted macronutrients degradation through enzyme secretion, and finally enhanced composting effectiveness in cooperation. Our findings will provide a theoretical basis for SCR management through BSFL bioconversion and offer sustainable larval protein resources for future food and feed.</p> Graphical Abstract <p></p>

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A Sustainable Biocircular Approach of Valorizing Food Production Side Streams by Black Soldier Fly Larvae in a Co-addition Strategy

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2025年11月11日

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  • KeWei Shen,
  • ShiLin Fan,
  • ShuoYun Jiang,
  • FangMing Xiang,
  • Qian Zhang,
  • ZhuLi Yang,
  • FuJun Liu,
  • ZhiJian Zhang

摘要

Despite the nutrient-rich composition of food production by-products, such as soybean curd residue (SCR), their utilization remains significantly limited. In light of the increasing demand for food and the necessity for sustainable resource management, the bioconversion of these by-products using black soldier fly larvae (BSFL) presents a promising solution. However, the high moisture and lignocellulose contents in SCR pose significant challenges to its efficient utilization by BSFL. Here, we investigated the effect of a co-addition strategy of bulking agent and carbohydrate, i.e., peanut hull powder (PHP) and corn flour (CF), on BSFL bioconversion of SCR. Four treatments, pure SCR (S1), SCR with added PHP (S2), SCR with a 4:1 ratio of PHP to CF (S3), and SCR with a 3:2 ratio of PHP to CF (S4), were designed. The co-addition strategy promoted BSFL bioconversion efficiency of SCR, and S3 was the relatively optimal formulation. It encouraged BSFL bioconversion efficacy, leading to increases in bioconversion rate (13.9%), waste reduction rate (70.6%), and efficiency of conversion of digested feed (23.1%). Larval growth and biomass quality were also improved, with increased lauric acid and essential amino acids. Meanwhile, the substrate physicochemical properties were changed, especially lowering water content from 72% to 53%. The loosened structure of soybean seed coat cells facilitated the utilization efficiency of degradable macronutrients in SCR. The increased activities of enzymes, especially dehydrogenase, promoted carbohydrate decomposition. 16 S rRNA sequencing revealed changes in microbial diversity and structure in both substrate and gut, with beneficial key genera enriched. By Spearman correlation analysis, BSFL-recruited specific bacteria promoted macronutrients degradation through enzyme secretion, and finally enhanced composting effectiveness in cooperation. Our findings will provide a theoretical basis for SCR management through BSFL bioconversion and offer sustainable larval protein resources for future food and feed.

Graphical Abstract