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<p>This study investigates lycopene recovery using a cross-flow pervaporation process with chitosan/polyvinylpyrrolidone/green graphene (CS/PVP/GG) membranes, supported by techno-economic analysis (TEA) and life cycle assessment (LCA), assuming plant location is based in Nagpur, Maharashtra, India. Three food-grade solvents—acetone, ethanol, and ethyl acetate—were evaluated. Acetone achieved the highest lycopene retention (97%), flux (4703 gm<sup>− 2</sup>h<sup>− 1</sup>), and solvent recovery (78%), giving the lowest production cost (US$0.45 mg<sup>− 1</sup> lycopene) and shortest payback time (2.2 years). Ethanol had the lowest environmental impact (GWP: 7.5&#xa0;kg CO<sub>2</sub> eq per 100&#xa0;kg tomatoes), though its limited recovery (14%) restricted economic feasibility. Ethyl acetate provided high extraction efficiency (87.8%) but excessive swelling reduced selectivity. All LCA results were calculated on the basis of net make-up solvent after recovery, ensuring realistic environmental estimates. The findings of this study show that solvent–membrane compatibility is critical for pervaporation efficiency and that while ethanol is the most environmentally benign, acetone offers the most balanced option when considering both economic and sustainability criteria.</p>

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Techno-Economic and Sustainability Insights into Lycopene Recovery via Cross-Flow Pervaporation: Comparative Evaluation of Various Solvents

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2025年10月23日

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  • Kanchan A. Nandeshwar,
  • Shyam M. Kodape,
  • Ajit P. Rathod,
  • Arijit Das

摘要

This study investigates lycopene recovery using a cross-flow pervaporation process with chitosan/polyvinylpyrrolidone/green graphene (CS/PVP/GG) membranes, supported by techno-economic analysis (TEA) and life cycle assessment (LCA), assuming plant location is based in Nagpur, Maharashtra, India. Three food-grade solvents—acetone, ethanol, and ethyl acetate—were evaluated. Acetone achieved the highest lycopene retention (97%), flux (4703 gm− 2h− 1), and solvent recovery (78%), giving the lowest production cost (US$0.45 mg− 1 lycopene) and shortest payback time (2.2 years). Ethanol had the lowest environmental impact (GWP: 7.5 kg CO2 eq per 100 kg tomatoes), though its limited recovery (14%) restricted economic feasibility. Ethyl acetate provided high extraction efficiency (87.8%) but excessive swelling reduced selectivity. All LCA results were calculated on the basis of net make-up solvent after recovery, ensuring realistic environmental estimates. The findings of this study show that solvent–membrane compatibility is critical for pervaporation efficiency and that while ethanol is the most environmentally benign, acetone offers the most balanced option when considering both economic and sustainability criteria.