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Purpose <p>Valorizing raw banana peels using microbial enzymes for bioethanol production in statistical manner, for surface sanitization and sterilization that also promotes agricultural waste utilization.</p> Methods <p>Amylase-producing microbes were isolated from soil samples collected in the Lucknow region. Primary screening was performed on starch agar to identify positive isolates, followed by enzyme assays as secondary screening. The isolates were tested on chopped, fine chopped, and powdered raw banana peels to assess hydrolysis efficiency. The most effective strain, SA-45, was selected for converting banana peel (chopped form) starch to glucose. Fermentation was carried out using <i>Saccharomyces cerevisiae</i>, and ethanol was extracted using a rotary evaporator. Confirmation and analysis were done through Jones and Iodoform tests, FT-IR, and GC-MS.</p> Results <p>The selected microbial strain SA-45 demonstrated efficient hydrolysis of starch from pre-treated banana peels, yielding a high concentration of glucose suitable for fermentation. FT-IR analysis revealed the presence of characteristic ethanol functional groups, specifically an O-H stretching band at 3272.22&#xa0;cm⁻¹ and a C-O stretching band at 1077.15&#xa0;cm⁻¹. GC-MS analysis confirmed the production of ethanol, identifying a retention time of 2.60&#xa0;min corresponding to ethanol in the chromatogram. Anti-microbial results of extracted bioethanol showed that pathogenic microorganism (<i>Staphylococcus aureus</i>,<i> Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Klebsiella pneumoniae</i>) growth were effectively inhibited at their 50%, 75% and 100% concentrations where 15.4&#xa0;mm, 20.2&#xa0;mm and 15.2&#xa0;mm zone of inhibition observed, respectively as compared to 70% lab ethanol.</p> Conclusion <p>This study concludes that the microbial strain SA-45 is highly effective in converting agricultural residues, particularly raw banana peels, into fermentable sugars and ultimately into bioethanol. The findings support the potential of banana peels as a low-cost, renewable feedstock for sustainable bioethanol production, contributing to waste valorization.</p>

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Fermentative Enzymatic Valorization of Raw Banana Peels Using Bacillus sp. SA-45 for Generation of Bioethanol for Surface Sterilization

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2025年10月21日

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  • Aamina Shahab,
  • Syed Khalida Izhar,
  • Shareen Fatima Rizvi,
  • Roohi Roohi

摘要

Purpose

Valorizing raw banana peels using microbial enzymes for bioethanol production in statistical manner, for surface sanitization and sterilization that also promotes agricultural waste utilization.

Methods

Amylase-producing microbes were isolated from soil samples collected in the Lucknow region. Primary screening was performed on starch agar to identify positive isolates, followed by enzyme assays as secondary screening. The isolates were tested on chopped, fine chopped, and powdered raw banana peels to assess hydrolysis efficiency. The most effective strain, SA-45, was selected for converting banana peel (chopped form) starch to glucose. Fermentation was carried out using Saccharomyces cerevisiae, and ethanol was extracted using a rotary evaporator. Confirmation and analysis were done through Jones and Iodoform tests, FT-IR, and GC-MS.

Results

The selected microbial strain SA-45 demonstrated efficient hydrolysis of starch from pre-treated banana peels, yielding a high concentration of glucose suitable for fermentation. FT-IR analysis revealed the presence of characteristic ethanol functional groups, specifically an O-H stretching band at 3272.22 cm⁻¹ and a C-O stretching band at 1077.15 cm⁻¹. GC-MS analysis confirmed the production of ethanol, identifying a retention time of 2.60 min corresponding to ethanol in the chromatogram. Anti-microbial results of extracted bioethanol showed that pathogenic microorganism (Staphylococcus aureus, Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Klebsiella pneumoniae) growth were effectively inhibited at their 50%, 75% and 100% concentrations where 15.4 mm, 20.2 mm and 15.2 mm zone of inhibition observed, respectively as compared to 70% lab ethanol.

Conclusion

This study concludes that the microbial strain SA-45 is highly effective in converting agricultural residues, particularly raw banana peels, into fermentable sugars and ultimately into bioethanol. The findings support the potential of banana peels as a low-cost, renewable feedstock for sustainable bioethanol production, contributing to waste valorization.